人机协同裁量的建构原理、风险检视与因应优化  

Constructive Rationale,Risk Assessment and Response Optimization of Human-Machine Collaborative Discretion

作　　者：陈悦 Chen Yue

机构地区：[1]安徽大学管理学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《浙江学刊》2024年第5期197-205,240,共10页Zhejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：2022年度安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“人脸识别技术在地方政府治理中的应用风险及其法律规制研究”(AHSKQ2022D118)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人机协同裁量是行政裁量数字化发展的新趋势。人机协同裁量的建构逻辑在于,通过人类与机器在行政裁量中的交互式合作,促进二者优势互补,实现行政裁量效用的最大化。现阶段人工智能技术应用已基本实现利用机器优势提高人类裁量效率性、科学性的目标,如何以人类优势弥补机器裁量僵化、缺乏同理心等不足,是进一步探索与推进人机协同裁量的重要内容,技术原理上可通过“人在回路内”(HITL)和“人在回路上”(HOTL)两种形式实现。但人机协同裁量并非毫无风险,人机共存未必能够真正实现“协同”,甚至可能逆向催生行政主体内部人的自主性弱化,决策中机器错误的隐蔽性增强以及裁量程序效率减弱等风险,应在确保人的主导性地位、强化人对机器错误的监督职责以及构建“HITL-HOTL”协同联动机制等制度设计上因应优化。Human-machine collaborative discretion is a new trend in the digital development of administrative discretion.The logic of human-machine collaborative discretion lies in the fact that,through the interactive cooperation between human beings and machines in administrative discretion,it promotes the complementarity of disadvantages and advantages between the two,and realizes the maximization of the utility of administrative discretion.At this stage,the application of artificial intelligence technology has basically realized the efficiency and scientific compensation of machine to human discretionary issues.How to make up for the rigidity and lack of empathy of machine discretionary with human advantages is an important issue to further explore and promote the human-machine cooperation in administrative discretion.The technical principle can be achieved through two forms of"human in the loop"(HITL)and the"human on the loop"(HOTL).However,there are also risks associated with human-computer collaborative decision-making.Human-machine coexistence may not be able to truly realize the"Collaboration",may even lead to the risk of weakening the autonomy of the system of bureaucrats within the administrative body,increasing the invisibility of machine errors in decision-making,and weakening the efficiency of the discretionary process.The system design should be optimized to ensure the dominant position of human beings,to strengthen the duty of human beings to supervise the errors of machines,and to construct the"HITL-HOTL"synergistic linkage mechanism,and so on.

关 键 词：行政裁量 数字裁量 人机协同 人在回路 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]