高速动车组齿轮箱轴承载荷特性研究  

Load Characteristics of Gearbox Bearing of High-speed EMU

作　　者：曹杰 任尊松[1] 查浩 徐宁[1] 杨超[1] CAO Jie;REN Zunsong;ZHA Hao;XU Ning;YANG Chao(School of Mechanical,Electrical and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044;Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co.,Ltd,Zhuzhou 412001)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司,株洲412001

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第15期173-184,共12页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3402901,2021YFB3400705-04);国家自然科学基金(52205085);中央高校业务费专项资金(2022JBXT004)资助项目。

摘　　要：齿轮箱是高速动车组的重要部件之一,通过多种类型轴承分别与车轴和联轴器联结,这些轴承对齿轮箱实现动力传递和确保列车的运行安全和稳定性具有重要作用。由于工程测试难度,目前难以直接测试这些轴承承受的载荷。基于轴承动力学理论和齿轮传动动力学理论,建立了包含三类轴承、齿轮啮合及齿轮箱箱体的耦合动力学模型,结合线路实测激励,采用数值方法,获取了齿轮箱轴承滚子滚道接触载荷。在验证轴承滚子滚道载荷分布特性的基础上,分析了多种工况下齿轮箱轴承的滚子滚道接触载荷。结果表明,齿轮箱小齿轮轴圆柱滚子轴承滚子滚道接触载荷均值主要受牵引力矩影响,牵引力亦会影响受载滚子数量。齿轮啮合力影响滚子滚道接触载荷局部波动幅值,在外部激励作用下,NU214轴承滚子滚道接触载荷最大值最高增大35.0%。列车上下行工况改变滚子滚道接触载荷分布区域以及载荷均值,但接触区位置不受列车速度等级的影响。建立的齿轮箱耦合模型,详细考虑了齿轮箱各轴承的受载特点,对深入研究齿轮箱轴承受载特性具有重要作用。Gearbox is one of the important parts of high-speed EMUS.It is connected with axle and coupling through various types of bearings.These bearings play an important role in realizing power transmission of gearbox and ensuring the safety and stability of train operation.Due to the difficulty of engineering testing,it is difficult to directly test the bearing load.Based on the bearing dynamics theory and gear transmission dynamics theory,a coupling dynamic model including bearings,gear meshing and gearbox body is established.Combined with the measured excitation of the line,the contact load of the roller raceway of the gearbox bearing was obtained by numerical method.On the basis of verifying the load distribution characteristics of bearing roller raceway,the contact load of the gearbox bearing roller raceway under various working conditions is analyzed.The results show that the mean contact load of roller raceway of cylindrical roller bearing is mainly affected by traction torque,and the traction force also affects the number of loaded rollers.The gear meshing force affects the local fluctuation amplitude of roller raceway contact load.Under external excitation,the maximum value of the NU214 bearing roller raceway contact load increases by 35.0%.The loading distribution area and mean value of roller raceway contact load will be changed by train running condition,but the position of contact area is not affected by train speed.The coupling model of gearbox is useful to investigate the load characteristics of gearbox bearing.

关 键 词：高速动车组齿轮箱 传动系统动力学模型 轴承 载荷 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]