牙龈卟啉单胞菌促进阿尔茨海默病的机制研究进展  

Research progress on the potential mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis in promoting Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：王玉洁 彭显 廖玍[2] 周学东[1] WANG Yujie;PENG Xian;LIAO Ga;ZHOU Xuedong(State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室、国家口腔医学中心、国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心、四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科,四川成都610041 [2]口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心、四川大学华西口腔医院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2024年第10期797-804,共8页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371523);四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0558)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一。牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis)感染与AD密切相关。本文综述了P.gingivalis及其毒力因子在AD发生发展过程中的多重作用及其机制,旨在深入阐明两者之间的内在联系。P.gingivalis可通过多种途径与AD发生发展相关联。首先,P.gingivalis可以增加神经炎症、促进淀粉样蛋白和Tau蛋白沉积、破坏血脑屏障等途径参与AD病理进程。其次,P.gingivalis分泌的牙龈蛋白酶能增加血脑屏障通透性并进入脑内诱导病理损伤是其促进AD的重要机制。临床样本检测也支持P.gingivalis或其效应分子促进AD病理进展。因此,P.gingivalis可能是AD的一个环境易感因素或可调控的风险因素。目前P.gingivalis在AD中的确切作用机制和P.gingivalis与其他可能影响AD的因素之间的关联研究不明确。本文深入分析P.gingivalis促进AD的分子机制,为研制P.gingivalis相关的AD新型防治策略提供参考。Alzheimer’s disease(AD),a common neurodegenerative disease,has been linked to periodontitis,espe-cially Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)infection.This review summarizes the potential mechanisms and path-ways through which P.gingivalis and its virulence factors are involved in AD pathogenesis,aiming to provide the scien-tific basis for the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for AD.P.gingivalis can promote AD by ex-acerbating neuroinflammation,facilitating amyloid beta and Tau deposition,and disrupting the blood-brain barrier.Gin-gipains,secreted by P.gingivalis,serve as core effector molecules by increasing the blood-brain barrier permeability.The association between P.gingivalis and its effectors and AD pathology has been validated by metagenomic analysis and sample detection,indicating that P.gingivalis may be an environmental susceptibility factor or modifiable risk fac-tor for AD.However,the precise mechanisms by which P.gingivalis influences AD,and its interactions with other po-tential AD-related factors,remain unclear.Moreover,further research needs to be conducted on the therapeutic potential of P.gingvalis intervention in improving AD.

关 键 词：牙龈卟啉单胞菌 阿尔茨海默病 牙龈蛋白酶 血脑屏障 牙周炎 神经退行性疾病 淀粉样Β蛋白 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]