海南岛主要农田耕层土壤磷的空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus in the plow layer soil of the main farmlands in Hainan Island

作　　者：张善恒 王文斌[2,3] 张永发[2,3] 罗雪华[2,3] 薛欣欣 赵春梅 任常琦 王禹 吴晓霜 耿建梅 ZHANG Shanheng;WANG Wenbin;ZHANG Yongfa;LUO Xuehua;XUE Xinxin;ZHAO Chunmei;REN Changqi;WANG Yu;WU Xiaoshuang;GENG Jianmei(Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;Rubber Research Institute,CATAS,Haikou,Hainan 571101;Soil and Fertilizer Research Center,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶所,海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心,海口571101

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第5期520-530,共11页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南耕地改良关键技术研究与示范重大专项(HNGDzy201501)。

摘　　要：为了探究农田耕层土壤磷素含量的空间分布特征,了解土壤磷素积累状况,为农田磷肥的合理施用提供依据,以海南岛主要农田为研究对象,采集耕层土壤混合样品2386个,分析检测土壤全磷、有效磷和有机质等指标,运用地统计学方法分析了土壤全磷和有效磷的空间自相关性,采用普通克里格插值法预测了海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷的空间分布情况。结果表明:海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷含量较高且变异性较强,土壤全磷含量为0.06~4.61 g·kg^(-1),均值达1.02 g·kg^(-1),变异系数为64%;土壤有效磷含量为3.16~478.88 mg·kg^(-1),均值为106.51 mg·kg^(-1),变异系数高达91%。土壤全磷和有效磷的块金系数分别为0.918和0.928,都属于较弱的空间自相关性,主要受随机因素影响。克里格插值预测图显示,海南岛北部和南部地区的土壤全磷含量较高,主要集中在0.8~4.61 g·kg^(-1)之间;东部和西部地区的土壤全磷含量相对偏低,主要分布范围为0.4~0.8 g·kg^(-1);土壤的有效磷含量整体偏高,北部地区土壤有效磷含量为3.16~478.88 mg·kg^(-1),土壤有效磷分布不均衡;南部地区土壤的有效磷集中分布在90~240 mg·kg^(-1)之间,东部和西部地区的土壤有效磷含量相对较低,集中分布在20~90 mg·kg^(-1)之间。海南岛农田土壤全磷和有效磷的含量多处于较高水平,受人为施肥影响较大,农田周边水体面临较大的污染风险,在农业生产中应控制磷肥的施用。Investigating the spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in farmland plow layer soil can help understand the accumulation status of soil phosphorus,providing a basis for the judicial application of phosphorus fertilizer in farmland.From the main farmlands in Hainan Island 2386 soil samples were collected from the plow layer(0-20 cm)and their soil indexes such as total phosphorus content,available phosphorus content,organic matter content,etc.,in the soil were determined.The spatial autocorrelation of the total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed by using geostatistical methods,and ordinary kriging interpolation was used to predict the spatial distribution of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the plow layer soil of the main farmlands in Hainan Island.The results indicate that the plow layer soil in the main farmlands of Hainan Island has relatively high and highly variable contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus.The range of total phosphorus content in the soil is between 0.06 to 4.61 g·kg^(-1),with 40%of the soil samples exceeding the first level(>1 g·kg^(-1)),with a mean of 1.02 g·kg^(-1) and a coefficient of variation of 64%;the range of available phosphorus content in the soil is between 3.16 to 478.88 mg·kg^(-1),with 72%of the soil samples exceeding the first level(>40 mg·kg^(-1)),with a mean of 106.51 mg·kg^(-1) and a high coefficient of variation of 91%.The Nugget/Sill ratios of total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content are 0.918 and 0.928,respectively,indicating weak spatial autocorrelation mainly influenced by random factors.The kriging interpolation prediction map shows that the plow layer soil has higher total phosphorus content in the soil,mainly between 0.8 to 4.61 g·kg^(-1) in the north and south of Hainan Island,and relatively lower total phosphorus content,mainly ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 g·kg^(-1) in the east and west.The overall available phosphorus content in the soil is relatively high,with the available phospho

关 键 词：地理信息系统 有效磷 地统计分析 空间分布 土地利用类型 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]