刚体转动惯量实验的改进  

An improvement on the moment inertia measurement of the rigid body

作　　者：王晓雄[1] 蒋立勇[1] WANG Xiaoxiong;JIANG Liyong(School of Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学物理学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第9期22-26,共5页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：教育部高等学校大学物理课程教学指导委员会高等学校教学研究项目(No.DWJZW202226hd);2024年江苏本科高校专项课题(No.2024LGJK032);南京理工大学本科教学改革与建设工程项目。

摘　　要：动力学法测刚体转动惯量是通过测量砝码脱落前后2π~6π角位移区间的角加速度平均值得到转动惯量,该实验要求砝码脱落前后系统为匀变速运动,但该前提条件并不能得到很好保证,从而引入了系统误差.本文利用黑白条码纸带、光纤放大器、数据采集卡等对实验装置进行了改进,同时优化了数据处理方法,减弱了对匀变速运动这一前提的要求.对照实验测量结果表明:改进后的实验装置的测量误差减小,对平行轴定理的验证效果得到了提升.The orginal measurement method of moment inertia of a rigid body is done by measuring the average angle acceleration between the angluar dispacement of 2π~6πof the system before and after the detachment of the mass from the tower wheel,respectively.Hence,the mehod requires that both the movements before and after the detachment of the mass are of uniform-acceleration motion.However,this prerequisite is usually cannot be sitisfied well and a systematic error will be introduced,correspondently.Here,the instrument was modified using a paper tape with black white stripes,optical fiber amplifier and data acquisition card.The data processing method was optimized and the prerequisite of the uniform acceleration was attenuated.Reference measurements suggested that the upgrade significantly reduced measurement error,improved the verification on the parallel axis law.

关 键 词：转动惯量 光纤放大器 刚体动力学 

分 类 号：O313.3[理学—一般力学与力学基础]