从“观看”到“倾听”:论欧茨小说《掘墓人的女儿》中生存范式的转换  

From“Watching”to“Listening”:On the Existential Paradigm Shift in Joyce Carol Oates s Novel The Gravedigger s Daughter

作　　者：王丹 金莉[2] WANG Dan;JIN Li

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学外国语学院,北京100192 [2]北京外国语大学,北京100089

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第9期137-148,共12页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究青年项目“欧茨悲剧小说的生存哲学思想研究”(20YJC752017)。

摘　　要：欧茨的族裔小说《掘墓人的女儿》讲述了二战前后一位德国犹太移民的女儿丽贝卡在美国社会所经历的种族歧视和同化之旅以及最终在与表姐的信件交流中所实现的超越和救赎。小说的主体部分,丽贝卡在以“观看”为特征的对象化生存范式下,无论作为被表象的客体,还是现代理性主体,都始终处于与世界、他人和自我彻底疏离的异化状态。然而,后记中,丽贝卡在“倾听”自己内心本然的呼唤中实现了理性与情感的平衡,同时在与表姐互相“倾听”对方的心声中重建了主体间的伦理关系,实现了与存在的应合。丽贝卡所经历的从“观看”到“倾听”这一生存范式的转换,不仅蕴含着欧茨对于以理性和主体性为特征的现代性的批判,同时也表现出欧茨的创作思想与以“应合”“调谐”等为特征的“倾听”哲学之间的契合,这种一元论哲学观在当今世界冲突不断、战争频发的宏大背景之下无疑具有积极而又深远的现实意义。Joyce Carol Oates s ethnic novel The Gravedigger s Daughter tells the story of Rebecca,the daughter of a German Jewish immigrant,who undergoes a journey of racial discrimination and assimilation in American society before and after World War II,and ultimately achieves transcendence and redemption in the exchange of letters with her cousin.In the main body of the novel,Rebecca,whether as a represented object or a modern rational subject,remains in a state of complete alienation from the world,others,and even herself under the objectified existential paradigm characterized by“watching”.However,in the epilogue,Rebecca achieves the balance between rationality and emotion by“listening”to the natural call of her own heart,and at the same time rebuilds the intersubjective ethical relationship with her cousin by“listening”to the latter s inner voice,thus realizing the consonance with Being.This existential paradigm shift from“watching”to“listening”that Rebecca undergoes not only implies Oates s critique of modernity characterized by rationality and subjectivity,but also reveals the alignment between Oates s creating thoughts and the philosophy of“listening”marked by“consonance”and“harmony”.This monistic philosophical view undoubtedly has a positive and profound practical significance in the grand context of today s world,which is fraught with continuous conflicts and frequent wars.

关 键 词：《掘墓人的女儿》 观看 倾听 现代性 超越 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]