中西医关于肝的认识差异及其根源  

Study on the Differences and Root Causes in Understanding the Liver Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

作　　者：班宜奎 任庆华 金娜英 孙垚 张勇[1] BAN Yikui;REN Qinghua;JIN Naying;SUN Yao;ZHANG Yong(Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,100700)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京100700

出　　处：《河南中医》2024年第10期1542-1546,共5页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京中医药大学东直门医院“青苗人才”培养计划项目(DZMYS-201711)。

摘　　要：西医认为,肝是由至少7种不同类型细胞组成的功能组织,储血量丰富,是人体重要的物质代谢和能量代谢器官,在防止出血以及控制过度凝血与血栓形成方面具有重要作用。中医认为,肝脏具有“敷和”与“藏血”两大功能,统贯人体气机,对人体之气的升降出入具有重要的调控作用。西医将直观的研究数据作为归类依据,而中医则以象思维作为其理论构建的方式,归类依据的不同使得二者虽然所指的脏器可能有一定关系,但所具备的功能却差异很大。随着司外揣内等方法的广泛应用以及更多相互关联生理功能的赋予,中医所言之肝逐渐由原本的具体解剖器官发展为虚拟的功能系统,成为一系列相互关联功能集合群的代名词。Western medicine views the liver as a functional organ composed of at least seven different cell types,with a substantial blood storage capacity.It is a crucial organ for material and energy metabolism,playing significant roles in preventing hemorrhage and controlling excessive coagulation and thrombosis.TCM posits that the liver has two primary functions:"fuhe"(harmonizing)and"cangxue"(storing blood).It regulates the flow of qi throughout the body,playing a key role in the ascending and descending and the entry and exit of qi.Although there are overlapping similarities in certain physiological functions and pathological changes between the two systems,their underlying mechanisms differ.Western medicine categorizes based on empirical research data,whereas TCM constructs its theories through symbolic thinking.This difference in classification criteria means that while the organs referred to may have some correlations,their functions differ significantly.With the widespread application of methods such as external inspection and internal exploration,and the attribution of more interconnected physiological functions,the TCM understanding of the liver has gradually evolved from a specific anatomical organ to a virtual functional system,becoming synonymous with a series of interrelated functional clusters.

关 键 词：肝脏 脏象 象思维 功能集合群 

分 类 号：R223.11[医药卫生—中医基础理论]