基于参考文献的论文跨学科性、跨时域性及其影响力研究  

Interdisciplinarity,Temporal Diversity,and Scientific Impact:Perspective on References

作　　者：杨杰 王左戎[1,2] 邓三鸿 王昊[1,2] 章学周[3] Yang Aex J.;Wang Zuorong;Deng Sanhong;Wang Hao;Zhang Xuezhou(School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Services in Provincial Universities(Nanjing University),Nanjing 210023;Jiangsu Institute of Quality and Standardization,Nanjing 210004)

机构地区：[1]南京大学信息管理学院,南京210023 [2]数据工程与知识服务省高校重点实验室(南京大学),南京210023 [3]江苏省质量和标准化研究院,南京210004

出　　处：《情报学报》2024年第9期1003-1014,共12页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：科睿唯安创新评价开放基金项目“基于科学颠覆性的多层次学术实体评价研究”(CXPJ2024004)。

摘　　要：本文在跨学科性概念的基础上,提出了跨时域性的测度框架,并将其量化为时域丰富性、时域非均衡性、时域差异性和时域深度4个维度。本文对微软学术数据库中1950—2020年38879575篇论文的跨学科性和跨时域性的时间趋势、分布特征以及科学家的生涯演化模式进行了细致分析,并进一步研究了跨学科性、跨时域性与科学影响力的关系。研究发现:①论文的跨学科性和跨时域性呈现一致的增长趋势和不一致的领域分布;②跨学科性和跨时域性指标具有无标度分布等异质性分布特征,且跨学科性和跨时域性的相关性并不强;③科学家生涯中后期的跨学科性和跨时域性明显增强,这种趋势在很大程度上可以归因于其引用行为的变化;④跨学科性和跨时域性对科学影响力有着相反的作用效应,即跨学科性显著促进科学影响力,跨时域性显著抑制科学影响力,较强的跨学科性和较弱的跨时域性组合成为颠覆性热点论文的概率最高。本文提出的跨时域性测度框架丰富了知识融合和跨学科理论,并为科技政策和学术评价提供了启示。Building on the concept of interdisciplinarity,this study proposes a measurement framework for temporal diversity,quantifying it into four dimensions:temporal richness,temporal imbalance,temporal disparity,and temporal depth.The study meticulously analyzes the temporal trends and distribution characteristics of interdisciplinarity and temporal diversity,as well as the career evolution patterns of high-level scientists,using 38,879,575 scientific papers from the Microsoft Academic Graph database spanning from 1950 to 2020.The relationship between interdisciplinarity,temporal diversity,and scientific impact is further explored.The findings reveal that:(1)The interdisciplinary and temporal diversity of papers exhibits a consistent growth trend that differs depending on the field.(2)Both interdisciplinarity and temporal diversity indicators show heterogeneous distribution characteristics,such as scale-free distribution,and a weak correlation exists between them.(3)In the careers of high-level scientists,both interdisciplinarity and temporal diversity show significant growth trends,largely attributable to an increase in the number of their referenced papers.(4)Interdisciplinarity and temporal diversity have opposite effects on scientific impact with interdisciplinarity significantly promoting scientific impact and temporal diversity significantly inhibiting it,suggesting that a combination of strong interdisciplinarity and weak temporal diversity has the highest probability of becoming a disruptive hotspot paper.The temporal diversity measurement framework proposed in this study enriches the theories of knowledge integration and interdisciplinarity,providing insights into science and technology policy and academic evaluation.

关 键 词：跨学科性 跨时域性 引文网络 科学家生涯 

分 类 号：G353.1[文化科学—情报学]