汉语哲学经典诠释的“存有论转向”——从古典汉语的“存”“在”起论  

The“Ontological Turn”in the Interpretation of Chinese Philosophical Classics-From the Perspective of“Cun”and“Zai”in Classical Chinese

作　　者：林安梧 LIN Anwu(Center for Zhouyi&Ancient Chinese Philosophy,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期1-8,共8页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：经由汉语哲学经典的深层考察,旨在豁显以“道”为中心的诠释学,这正与我们古典汉语所用“存”“在”两个字,或者“存在”一词,有深切的关系,而此中隐含着一“存有论的转向”。首先,对一百多年来的中国哲学研究所采用的“逆向格义”做出深层反思,指出如何取得交谈对话的主体性,是迫切而必要的。其次,汉语哲学的特性不同于西方哲学之以“话语”为中心,是以“存在”为本位。经由汉字语文学的考察到经典诠释学的深层发掘,确定了汉语哲学“存在”的特性。经由这样的“存在的回归”,从“存有的执定”,到“存有的开显”,进而上溯到“存有的根源”,如此便构成了“存有三态论”。明显地,究其根源来说,“存在与价值的和合性”是优先于“思维与存在的一致性”的,《易经》的生生哲学正好与此呼应。最后,须知“存在”就是“生成”,“生成”与人的“参赞化育”息息相关。“存在”就其首出性来说,并不是作为认知的对象,而是作为与价值、实践和合为一的生命总体。这在古典汉语及典籍里,表现得格外分明,我们唯有唤醒古汉语的语感,感其意味、体其意韵、明其意义,才能如实地揭露“存在的”本怀。This paper aims to reveal the hermeneutics centered on“Tao”through an in-depth investigation of Chinese philosophical classics.This is exactly the same as the two words“Cun(存)”and“Zai(在)”used in classical Chinese,or the word“Being(存在)”;and therein lies an“ontological turn.”First of all,it is urgent and necessary to make a deep reflection on the“reverse interpretation”used in the study of Chinese philosophy for more than a hundred years and point out how to obtain the subjectivity of conversation.Furthermore,the characteristics of Chinese philosophy are based on“existence”,which is different from Western philosophy centering on“discourse”.Through the investigation of Chinese philology and the in-depth exploration of classical hermeneutics,the“existence”characteristics of Chinese philosophy have been determined.Through this“return of existence”,from the“persistence of Being”,to the“manifestation of Being”,and then to the“origin of Being”,this constitutes the“three states of Being”.Obviously,looking at its root cause,“the harmony of existence and value”takes precedence over the“consistency of thinking and existence”,and the philosophy of life in the“Book of Changes”exactly echoes this.Note:“Being”means“becoming”,and“becoming”is closely related to people s“participating in cultivation”.“Existence”in its primacy is not as an object of cognition,but as a totality of life that is one with value,practice,and unity.This is particularly clear in classical Chinese and classics.Only by awakening the language sense of ancient Chinese,feeling its meaning,experiencing its rhyme,and understanding its significance can we truthfully reveal the original intention of existence.

关 键 词：汉语哲学 存在 经典诠释学 存有三态论 古典汉语 存有论转向 

分 类 号：B26[哲学宗教—中国哲学] H109.2[语言文字—汉语] H1-0