虚拟数字人的法律属性判定与权益归属证成  

Judgment of the Legal Attributes and Justification of Ownership of Rights and Legal Interests of Virtual Digital Humans

作　　者：李研 李晓宇 LI Yan;LI Xiaoyu(Civil and Commercial Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;School of Law,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120 [2]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期125-136,共12页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2023年重庆市教育委员会研究生科研创新项目“人工智能生成数据的知识产权保护路径研究”(CYS23311);2024年重庆知识产权保护协同创新中心科研项目“数字时代首次销售原则的审思与重构”(24IP006);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2020年度学科共建项目“大数据时代下国际数字版权保护的变革和应对研究”(GD20XFX04)的研究成果。

摘　　要：新质生产力催生人工智能、大数据、算法等颠覆性技术,推动虚拟数字人产业的发展,也引发虚拟数字人法律属性判定与权益归属的难题。虚拟数字人的法律属性分为“作品性”与“非作品性”两种类型。在构成作品的前提下,具有审美意义的虚拟数字人成为美术作品,基于虚拟数字人形象形成的动态画面归为视听作品,非典型虚拟数字人属于其他作品。不构成作品的虚拟数字人本质上是未上升为权利的财产性法益。虚拟数字人的权益相关主体包括虚拟数字人本体、经营者和“中之人”。构成作品的虚拟数字人的著作财产权与著作人格权,原则上归属于经营者,但“中之人”享有署名权和特定情况下的保护作品完整权。不构成作品的虚拟数字人的财产性法益归属于经营者,“中之人”享有报酬请求权。The New Quality Productivity has given rise to disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data,and algorithms.These advancements are driving the development of the virtual digital human industry,while also presenting challenges in judging the legal attributes and ownership of rights and legal interests of virtual digital humans.The legal attributes of virtual digital humans can be categorized into two types as works and non-works.When classified as works,virtual digital humans with aesthetic significance are considered art works,and dynamic images generated based on virtual digital humans are classified as audiovisual works.Besides,non-typical virtual digital humans constitute other types of works.Virtual digital humans that do not constitute works are in nature legal interests of property that have not risen to the level of rights.The subjects related to the rights and legal interests of virtual digital humans include the virtual digital human ontology,operators,and the“intermediary person”.In principle,the copyright of property and moral rights of virtual digital humans that constitute works belong to the operators.However,the“intermediary person”holds the right of authorship and,in specific circumstances,the right to protect the integrity of the work.For virtual digital humans that do not constitute works,the legal interests of property belong to the operators,while the“intermediary person”has the right to request remuneration.

关 键 词：人工智能 虚拟数字人 中之人 著作权法 权益归属 

分 类 号：B829[哲学宗教—伦理学]