不同种类和裂解温度生物质炭添加对稻田土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的影响  

Effects of Adding Different Types and Pyrolysis Temperatures of Biochar on Soil Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Paddy Fields

作　　者：张童欣 侯岳彤 滕岳洪 张晓杰 金鑫鑫[1] 王帅[1] 刘艳 张玉玲[1] 虞娜[1] 邹洪涛[1] ZHANG Tongxin;HOU Yuetong;TENG Yuehong;ZHANG Xiaojie;JIN Xinxin;WANG Shuai;LIU Yan;ZHANG Yuling;YU Na;ZOU Hongtao(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang 110866,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Fumeng County,Fuxin,Liaoning 123100,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室/土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,沈阳110866 [2]阜蒙县农业农村局,辽宁阜新123100

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第4期776-787,共12页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42007080);国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD1500601);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M680983)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨制备生物质炭的原材料和裂解温度对土壤微生物的影响,采用露天盆栽培养试验,分别将350、550、750℃裂解温度制成的玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆生物质炭添加到稻田土壤中培养60和360d,采用IlluminaNovaseq技术分析了其对稻田土壤细菌和真菌多样性和群落结构及差异微生物的影响。结果表明:添加两种生物质炭培养360d均使稻田土壤细菌丰富度、多样性提高,其中水稻秸秆生物质炭提高最为明显;土壤中细菌优势类群为浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。土壤中真菌群落随着添加生物质炭培养时间的延长,其丰富度和多样性表现为先降低后升高的趋势;土壤中优势真菌类群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota);真菌科水平物种丰度更加均匀,土壤中普遍检测出壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和毛霉门(Mucoromycota)。培养60 d时,添加550℃裂解温度玉米秸秆生物质炭处理提高细菌和真菌丰富度和多样性的效果最好,不同裂解温度水稻秸秆生物质炭添加导致真菌群落存在不同的优势门类,改变了土壤微生物群落结构。综上,在稻田土壤中,与玉米秸秆生物质炭相比,水稻秸秆生物质炭施加360d后提高土壤微生物多样性效果更好。生物质炭原材料种类是影响土壤微生物多样性的重要因素,裂解温度能够影响微生物的群落结构,尤其是水稻秸秆生物质炭裂解温度对真菌群落结构的影响。To further explore the differences in the effects of raw materials and pyrolysis temperature of biochar on soil microorganisms,an open-air pot culture experiment was used,in which maize straw biochar and rice straw biochar made at pyrolysis temperatures of 350,550,and 750℃were added to paddy soil for 60 days and 360 days,respectively,and the Illumina Novaseq technique was used to analyze their impacts on the diversities and community structures of bacteria and fungi,as well as differential microorganisms.The results showed that both types of biochar cultured for 360 days improved the richness and diversity of bacteria in paddy soil,with rice straw biochar showing the most significant improvement.The dominant groups of bacteria in soil were Planctomycetes,Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria.With the extension of biochar culture time,the richness and diversity of fungal communities in soil showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The dominant fungal groups in soil were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.After 360 days of cultivation,the species richness at fungal family level was more uniform,and Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota were commonly detected in soil.After 60 days of cultivation,corn straw biochar at 550℃pyrolysis temperature had the best effect on improving the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi.The addition of rice straw biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures led to different dominant categories of fungal community,changing the structure of soil microbial community.In conclusion,in paddy soil,compared with corn straw biochar,rice straw biochar has a better effect on improving soil microbial diversity after 360 days of application.The type of biochar raw material is an important factor affecting soil microbial diversity,and pyrolysis temperature can affect microbial community structure,especially the influence of rice straw biochar pyrolysis temperature on fungal community structure.

关 键 词：生物质炭 裂解温度 微生物群落结构 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]