社区老年人运动能力下降情况及其与认知功能的关系  

Mobility limitation condition and its relationship with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

作　　者：邢怡文 赵祎玮 王治斌 吴月 高雪 王瑜 褚熙[4] 郭艳苏 唐毅[2] 王玉民 马丽娜[1] Xing Yiwen;Zhao Yiwei;Wang Zhibin;Wu Yue;Gao Xue;Wang Yu;Chu Xi;Guo Yansu;Tang Yi;Wang Yumin;Ma Lina(Department of Geriatrics,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,National Research Center for Geriatric Medicine,Beijing 100053,China;Department of Neurology,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,National Center for Neurological Diseases,Beijing 100053,China;Baizhifang Community Health Service Center,Beijing 100053,China;Department of Health Management,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院老年医学科,国家老年疾病临床研究中心,北京100053 [2]首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科,国家神经疾病中心,北京100053 [3]北京市西城区白纸坊社区卫生服务中心,北京100053 [4]首都医科大学宣武医院健康管理科,北京100053

出　　处：《中华健康管理学杂志》2024年第9期662-667,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3602600)。

摘　　要：目的分析社区老年人运动能力下降情况及其与认知功能的关系。方法本研究为横断面研究,选取2023年5—9月在北京市白纸坊社区卫生服务中心及其下属的5个卫生服务站(白纸坊胡同卫生服务站、南菜园社区卫生服务站、右安门社区卫生服务站、右内西街卫生服务站、双槐里社区卫生服务站)招募的1935名≥60岁社区老年人为研究对象,采用简易体能状况量表(SPPB)评估老年人的运动能力,SPPB≤9分为运动能力下降组(645名),SPPB≥10分为运动能力正常组(1290名),采用简易精神状态量表评估老年人的认知功能,采用χ^(2)检验和Mann-Whitney U非参数检验比较两组性别、年龄、小腿围、慢性病史、衰弱状态、认知功能、营养状态、抑郁状态、听力及视力情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析老年人运动能力下降情况及其与认知功能的关系。结果33.33%(645/1935)的社区老年人出现运动能力下降。运动能力下降组高龄、女性、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、卒中、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、衰弱、抑郁、认知功能障碍、听力下降及视力下降比例均显著高于运动能力正常组(31.32%比13.41%、69.92%比59.61%、65.27%比54.03%、33.80%比28.60%、27.91%比19.53%、17.83%比11.47%、10.54%比7.36%、13.18%比2.02%、18.45%比6.59%、14.73%比7.75%、30.54%比20.31%、45.58%比30.39%)(均P<0.05)。高龄(OR=2.542,95%CI:1.977~3.269)、女性(OR=1.736,95%CI:1.390~2.167)、卒中(OR=1.426,95%CI:1.065~1.911)、抑郁(OR=2.292,95%CI:1.656~3.174)、认知功能障碍(OR=1.601,95%CI:1.154~2.220)、衰弱(OR=5.199,95%CI:3.219~8.397)及视力下降(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.124~1.756)均与社区老年人运动能力下降呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年人运动能力下降具有较高的发生风险,运动能力下降是认知功能障碍的正相关因素。Objective To analyze mobility limitation condition and its relationship with cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly.Methods In this cross-sectional study,a total of 1935 older adults aged≥60 years were recruited from May to September 2023 in Beijing Baizhifang Community Health Service Center and its five subordinate health service stations(Baizhifang Hutong health service station,Nancaiyuan community health service station,Youanmen community health service station,Younei West Street health service station and Shuanghuaili community health service station).The Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)was used to assess the mobility capacity of the elderly,and the elderly were divided into two groups with SPPB,the elderly with a SPPB≤9 points were grouped into mobility limitation group(645 cases),and the ones with a SPPB≥10 points were considered with normal mobility capacity(1290 cases).The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the mini-mental state examination;and the gender,age,calf circumference,history of chronic disease,frailty status,cognitive function,nutritional status,depression status,hearing and vision condition of the two groups were compared with χ^(2) test or Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the mobility limitation and its relationship with cognitive function in the older adults.Results Mobility limitation was found in 33.33%(645/1935)of community-dwelling older adults.The proportions of advanced age,female,hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,frailty,depression,cognitive impairment,hearing decline,and vision decline in the mobility limitation group were all significantly higher than those in the normal mobility capacity group(31.32%vs 13.41%,69.92%vs 59.61%,65.27%vs 54.03%,33.80%vs 28.60%,27.91%vs 19.53%,17.83%vs 11.47%,10.54%vs 7.36%,13.18%vs 2.02%,18.45%vs 6.59%,14.73%vs 7.75%,30.54%vs 20.31%,45.58%vs 30.39%)(all P<0.05).Advanced age(OR=2.542,95%CI:1.9

关 键 词：老年人 社区 运动能力 认知 认知障碍 衰弱 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]