康德神学历史视域下的时间观  

Kant's view of time from the perspective of theology and history

作　　者：刘凤娟 LIU Fengjuan(School of Philosophy and Social Development,South China Normal University,Guanzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学哲学与社会发展学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期59-67,共9页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“康德与狄尔泰历史哲学比较研究”(23BZX064)。

摘　　要：康德的时间观具有多种维度,并分布在其哲学体系的多个思想门类中。除了人们所熟知的其认识论中的时间观,他在宗教哲学中也表达了一种出自上帝又归于上帝的“圆圈”式的时间整体观。这种具有神学背景的时间观包含在其普遍历史观念中。人类历史的开端被设想为始祖堕落的事件,而其终结不是一个确切的时间点,而是在全部时间进程中每时每刻都发生着。无论是历史的开端,还是其终结,都需要预设上帝的存在,但这并不取消人自身的主体能动性。毋宁说,历史的开端、发展、终结全都是上帝与人合力的结果。康德在这种思想中回应了自古希腊以来关于时间问题的多种争论,并推进了基督教的信仰观念。Kant's view of time has multiple dimensions and is spread over several categories of thoughts in his philosophy system.Besides the well-acknowledged epistemological views of time,he also expressed in his philosophy of religion a"circle"of time that comes from God and returns to God.This view of time with theological background is contained in his conception of universal history.The beginning of human history is conceived as the event of the Fall of human ancestors,while its end,rather than not a precise point in time,takes place at every moment in the whole course of time.Both the beginning of history and its end require the presupposition of the existence of God,but this does not cancel the subjective agency of the human itself.Rather,the beginning,the development,and the end of human history are all the results of the combined efforts of God and humans.In this thought,Kant responded to the many debates concerning time since ancient Greece,and advanced the view of Christian faith.

关 键 词：康德 时间 历史 上帝 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]