昆虫蛋白对淘汰蛋鸡养殖的应用效果研究  

Research on the application effect of insect protein in eliminated laying hens breeding

作　　者：朱丽可 石磊 刘宏运 沈敏玉 刘建亮 戴辉 汤晓艳 ZHU Like;SHI Lei;LIU Hongyun;SHEN Minyu;LIU Jianliang;DAI Hui;TANG Xiaoyan(WELLE Environmental Technology Group Co.,Ltd,Changzhou,Jiangsu Province 213125,China;Changzhou WELLE Agricultural Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou,Jiangsu Province 213139,China)

机构地区：[1]维尔利环保科技集团股份有限公司,江苏常州213125 [2]常州维尔利农业科技发展有限公司,江苏常州213139

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第19期182-189,共8页China Feed

基　　金：2023年常州市科技计划项目(农业科技支撑)(CE20232030);江苏省科技成果转化专项资金项目(BA2020035)。

摘　　要：昆虫蛋白作为生态型、经济型的蛋白饲料资源,是豆粕和鱼粉减量替代的重要产品。本文分别以5.00%、10.00%、15.00%的黑水虻、蝇蛆全脂虫粉替代饲料,从生长性能、生理机能、营养组分和风味品质及经济效益等方面探究其在畜禽淘汰蛋鸡(海兰鸡)养殖中的应用效果,试验周期74 d。结果显示:饲粮中虫粉的替代能一定程度上影响淘汰蛋鸡的产蛋能力,鸡蛋增产率与黑水虻虫粉添加量呈正相关性(P<0.05),当虫粉量达15%时,鸡蛋增产率达到最大,为84.79%;虫粉的替代对淘汰蛋鸡的肝功能负荷、抗氧化能力和机体代谢能力影响并不显著(P>0.05);15.00%蝇蛆虫粉、10.00%黑水虻虫粉及15.00%黑水虻虫粉组的鸡蛋蛋黄卵磷脂含量分别较对照组提升2.90%、10.45%和14.10%(P<0.05);饲粮中添加黑水虻虫粉对鸡腿/胸肉粗蛋白质的转化效果普遍优于蝇蛆虫粉,但并不显著(P>0.05);蝇蛆组对鸡腿肉粗脂肪的转化率则显著高出黑水虻组的15.72%~76.61%(P<0.05);黑水虻虫粉较高的添加比例(15.00%)一定程度上可以改善鸡蛋及鸡肉的口感风味(P<0.05)。黑水虻虫粉的饲喂,可使淘汰蛋鸡养殖的利润提升率达到70.30%,相比蝇蛆虫粉来说具有显著的经济效益。昆虫作为蛋白饲料替代,不仅能够降低饲料成本,提升淘汰蛋鸡的利用价值,还可以缓解当前国内蛋白短缺问题、助力双碳发展,在畜禽养殖中具有良好的可行性。Insect protein,as an ecological and economical protein feed resource,is an important product for reducing and replacing soybean meal and fish meal.This article took black soldier fly and fly maggots(5%,10%and 15%dried basis powder)as research objects to explore their application effects in the breeding of rejected layer from aspects such as growth performance,physiological function,nutritional components,flavor quality and economic benefits.The experimental period was 74 days.The experimental results showed that the substitution of insect powder in the diet could to some extent affect the egg production ability of eliminated laying hens,and the egg yield rate as positively correlated with the amount of black water fly powder added(P<0.05).When the insect powder amount reached 15%,the egg yield rate reached the maximum value(84.79%).The substitution of insect powder didn’t significantly affect the liver function load,antioxidant capacity,and metabolic capacity of eliminated laying hens(P>0.05).The egg yolk lecithin content of the 15.00%fly maggot powder group,10.00%black soldier fly powder group,and 15.00%black soldier fly powder group were significantly increased by 2.90%,10.45%,14.10%,respectively,compared with the blank control group(P<0.05).The effect of feeding black soldier fly powder on the conversion of crude protein in chicken leg/breast meat was generally better than that of fly maggot powder,but it was not significant(P>0.05).And the crude fat conversion rate of chicken leg meat in the fly larvae group was significantly higher than that in the black soldier fly group by 15.72%~76.61%(P<0.05).A higher proportion of black soldier fly powder(15.00%)could to some extent improve the taste and flavor of eggs and chicken(P<0.05).The feeding of black soldier fly powder could increase the profit margin of eliminated laying hens by 70.30%,which had significant economic benefits compared to fly maggot powder.Insects as a substitute for protein feed could not only reduce feed costs and enhance the utilization val

关 键 词：昆虫蛋白 淘汰蛋鸡 饲料替代 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]