“马”的训释及其类属名物考述  

A Textual Research on the Exegesis of Horses

作　　者：谢邱荣 Xie Qiurong(School of Literature,Hunan Normal University,Changsha Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期8-15,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：物的称名训释,反映古人对物性的认知。基于“马”“怒”上古音接近,马释作“怒也”,意为马驰行劲健,契合古人对“马”刚健不息品性的认知。“马”的读音具有强健的意义指向,与“午”“武”可相互通转,故以“大司马”取代“大司武”成为武力的代称,又与“午马”结合指代阳气最强的时段。马的种类见于汉字所指,根据其性别、颜色、长幼、功用,一字一物,体现汉字指物的丰富性,其中尤以颜色指物最为复杂。汉赋多写奇马,“橐佗”“距虚”“蛩蛩”“驒騱”皆世属罕见,体现汉赋夸饰尚奇的书写特点。The naming and interpretation of things reflect the ancients’cognition of things.Horses are interpreted as anger,because the pronunciation of horse and anger is similar in ancient Chinese.The interpretation means that horses gallop fast and persistently instead of having irritable temper.It’s consistent with the ancients’cognition of horses’vigorous and unremitting character.The implication in the pronunciation of horse is sturdiness,and the ancient pronunciation of horse is similar to“Wu”(武),therefore,the“Da Sima”(大司马)could be replaced by“Da Siwu”(大司武),which is an official position in charge of army.The formation of the phrase“Wuma”(午马)is also based on the similar sound of“Wu”(午)and“Ma”(马),which refers to the time when yang qi(阳气)is the strongest.There are considerable number of Chinese characters created to describe horses,reflecting the richness of Chinese characters when referring to an object according to their gender,color,age and functions,in which the color is the most complicated when referring things.Various peculiar horses like Tuotuo(橐佗),Juxu(距虚),Qiongqiong(蛩蛩),Tuoxi(驒騱)are all recorded in Hanfu(汉赋),reflecting its fantastic writing style.

关 键 词：辞赋 马 名物 训诂 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]