胶东地区青少年变应性鼻炎常见吸入性变应原分析  

Common inhaled allergens in adolescents with allergic rhinitis in Jiaodong region,China

作　　者：郑春歌 于丽平 徐梓航 赵丽娟 姜彦[1] 于龙刚[1] ZHENG Chunge;YU Liping;XU Zihang;ZHAO Lijuan;JIANG Yan;YU Longgang(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,山东青岛266000 [2]威海市实验小学 [3]威海市第一中学

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2024年第4期603-606,共4页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：山东省学校卫生协会科研课题(SDWS2022003);青岛市医药卫生科研计划项目(2021-WJZD175)。

摘　　要：目的调查胶东地区青少年变应性鼻炎常见的吸入性变应原种类,为本区域青少年变应性鼻炎的防治提供参考。方法2022年8-11月,以年龄为层、班级为群,采用多阶段、分层、随机的方式对胶东地区3个城市(青岛、烟台、威海)学校的中小学生进行整群抽样。按年龄分为学龄前、小学生和中学生3组,分析其变应原皮肤点刺试验结果。结果本研究共纳入病人593例,学龄前组171例(28.84%),小学生组254例(42.83%),中学生组168例(28.33%)。粉尘螨(61.9%)、屋尘螨(60.9%)和大籽蒿花粉(19.4%)为最常见的变应原。不同年龄组青少年的粉尘螨、屋尘螨、猫毛和东方蜚蠊阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.494~11.451,P<0.05)。不同年龄组的粉尘螨致敏程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.060,P<0.05)。结论胶东地区青少年变应性鼻炎的吸入性变应原皮肤点刺阳性率较高的是粉尘螨、屋尘螨和大籽蒿花粉,这可为本地区变应性鼻炎的防治提供流行病学资料和参考依据。Objective To investigate the common inhaled allergens in adolescents with allergic rhinitis in Jiaodong area,China,and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in adolescents in this area.Methods From August to November 2022,a multi-stage,stratified,and random method was used to perform cluster sampling among primary and secondary school students in three cities(Qingdao,Yantai,and Weihai)in Jiaodong area,and the students were stratified based on age and were divided into groups based on class.According to age,the students were divided into preschool group,primary school group,and middle school group,and the results of skin prick test for allergens were analyzed.Results A total of 593 students were included in this study,with 171 students(28.84%)in the preschool group,254(42.83%)in the primary school group,and 168(28.33%)in the middle school group.Dust mites(61.9%),house dust mites(60.9%),and Artemisia sieversiana pollen(19.4%)were the most common allergens.There were significant differences in the positive rates of dust mites,house dust mites,cat hair,and oriental cockroaches between the adolescents of different age groups(χ^(2)=7.494-11.451,P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the degree of dust mites ensitization between different age groups(χ^(2)=11.060,P<0.05).Conclusion Dust mites,house dust mites,and Artemisia sieversiana pollen have a relatively high positive rate of skin prick test for inhaled allergensin adolescents with allergic rhinitis in the Jiaodong area,which provides epidemiological data and a basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in this area.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 变应原 皮肤点刺试验 青少年 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R195.1[医药卫生—临床医学]