梯级水电开发背景下的外来植物入侵状况与防控管理--以澜沧江流域(云南段)为例  

Management and Control of Invasive Alien Plants in Cascading Hydropower Development Projects∶a Case Study of the Lancang River Basin(Yunnan Section)

作　　者：温静雅 李世刚 彭李 葛德祥 朱绍隆 杨艳[2] 王焕冲[2] WEN Jingya;LI Shigang;PENG Li;GE Dexiang;ZHU Shaoong;YANG Yan;WANG Huanchong(Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc.,Kunming 650214,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京100041 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650091 [3]华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,云南昆明650214

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2024年第5期8-16,共9页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：澜沧江干流(乌弄龙—南阿河口)河段水电开发对环境影响的持续性影响研究(HY2021∕S17-1)。

摘　　要：梯级水电开发是一种有效的可再生能源生产方式,但梯级水电开发与外来生物入侵之间的关系尚未得到足够重视。本文基于对澜沧江流域(云南段)梯级水电开发区的野外实地调查和数据搜集整理,查明了区域的外来入侵植物种类和分布状况,初步分析和探讨了梯级水电开发与外来植物入侵之间的相互关系。研究结果显示,澜沧江流域(云南段)共发现外来入侵植物202种,隶属51科和146属,其中来源于美洲的植物最多(126种,52.07%),草本入侵植物(71.78%)占主导,且大多入侵植物通过有意引入(76.23%)而来。风险评估显示,菊科、豆科和大戟科的植物对生态影响最为显著。在空间分布上,入侵植物的富集区域和生态危害严重区与水电开发区高度重合。现有证据尚不能证明水电开发直接导致了新入侵植物的增加,但确实在一定程度上促进了外来入侵植物在区域内的引入与扩散。同时,本文还针对性地提出了水电开发建设与运行中防控外来入侵植物的具体建议。Cascade hydropower development represents an effective way of producing renewable energy,but the relationship between cascade hydropower development and alien biological invasions has not been given sufficient attention.Based on the field survey and data collection in the cascade hydropower development zone in the Lancang River Basin(Yunnan section),this paper investigated the species and distribution of alien invasive plants in the region.It also provides an initial analysis and exploration of the interrelationships between the cascade hydropower development and the invasion of alien plants.The results showed that a total of 202 species of invasive alien plants belonging to 51 families and 146 genera were found in the this region,of which the largest number of plants originated from the Americas(126 species,52.07%),with herbaceous invasive plants(71.78%)dominating the group,and most of the invasive plants were introduced through intentional introductions(76.23%).The risk assessment demonstrated that plants belonging to the Asteraceae,Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae families represented the most significant potential threats to the ecosystem.Spatially,areas of invasive plant enrichment and severe ecological hazards overlap to a large extent with hydropower developed areas.The available evidence does not yet prove that hydropower development has directly led to an increase in new invasive plants,but it does contribute to some extent to the introduction and spread of invasive alien plants in the region.In addition,this paper also provides some specific recommendations for the prevention and control of invasive alien plants in the construction and operation of hydropower projects.

关 键 词：梯级水电开发 澜沧江流域 外来入侵植物 生态管理 防控策略 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]