教育公共品调整与人口流动——基于撤点并校的实证研究  

The Public School Allocation and Population Mobility:Empirical Study Based on the School Consolidation

作　　者：程雅雯 孔东民[2] CHENG Ya-wen;KONG Dong-min(Peking University;HUST)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院 [2]华中科技大学经济学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期41-52,共12页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：在新型城镇化下,教育公共品如何有效配置至关重要。本文利用2001年撤点并校作为外生冲击,使用地市间政策力度差异和出生队列变化构造队列双重差分模型进行研究。研究发现,撤点并校显著提高了农村个体的流动概率——个体上小学其间所在地市每千名小学生每年每减少1所学校,将使其成年后流入城市的概率提高1%。该结果经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析表明,撤点并校通过提高农村个体的人力资本积累而促进其成年后流入城市。男性、生活在条件较差地区、家庭背景较好的个体受撤点并校的影响更大。此外,撤点并校有助于提高农村个体的未来收入。本研究结果为相关政策制定者如何优化教育资源配置以及提高城乡融合提供了实证依据。Under the new urbanization,the effective allocation of educational public goods is crucial.This study uses the school consolidation policy implemented in 2001 as an exogenous shock,employing the variation in policy intensity across different regions and changes in birth cohorts to construct a cohort difference-in-difference model.The findings reveal that school consolidation significantly increases the mobility probability of individuals from rural areas:for every reduction of one school per thousand primary school students per year in the locality where an individual attended primary school,their probability of moving to urban areas as an adult increases by 1%.This result stays still after a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis indicates that school consolidation promotes the urban inflow of rural individuals in their adulthood by enhancing their human capital accumulation.Males,individuals from areas with poorer conditions,and those with better family backgrounds are more affected by school consolidation.Furthermore,school consolidation increases the future income of rural individuals.The conclusions of this study provide empirical evidence for policymakers on how to optimize the allocation of educational resources and enhance the integration of urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：撤点并校 人口流动 人力资本 

分 类 号：F299.24[经济管理—国民经济] F323.6