近视视盘结构及生物力学改变与视神经病变关系的研究进展  

Research progress in the relationship between structural and biomechanical changes of the optic disc in myopic eyes and optic neuropathy

作　　者：张侠 孟子琪 李昊儒 魏瑞华 ZHANG Xia;MENG Ziqi;LI Haoru;WEI Reihua(Eye Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute,School of Optometry and Ophthalmology,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学眼科医院、眼视光学院、眼科研究所,国家眼耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心天津市分中心,天津市视网膜功能与疾病重点实验室,天津市300384

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2024年第10期818-822,共5页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:82070929)。

摘　　要：随着近视发病率逐年增加,近视相关视神经病变已经成为视力损伤的一大重要原因。但其发生及发展的机制尚处于初步探究中。大量研究表明,近视进展过程中常伴随出现视盘结构的改变,这些改变可能与视神经损伤密切相关。随着眼轴的增长,视盘受到机械性拉伸,导致其形态、生物力学及血流发生改变,进而可能诱发视神经病变。本文总结了近视患者巩膜结缔组织重塑,盘周萎缩弧,视盘的倾斜、扭转,筛板和盘周巩膜缘的变薄等病理生理性组织结构及生物力学改变与视神经病变之间的关系,希望为早期发现及预防近视相关视神经病变提供思路。Myopia-associated optic neuropathy has become an important cause of visual impairment with the increasing prevalence of myopia in recent years.However,the mechanisms for its occurrence and development are still in primary research.Numerous studies suggest that structural changes in the optic disc that often occur in the progress of myopia may be closely associated with optic neuropathy.The optic disc is stretched mechanically with the growth of the axial length,resulting in changes in its morphology,biomechanics and blood flow,which may induce optic neuropathy.This review summarized the relationship between pathophysiological histostructural and biomechanical changes,including scleral connective tissue remodeling,peripapillary atrophy,tilt and torsion of optic disc,and thinning of lamina cribrosa and peripapillary scleral margin,and optic neuropathy in myopic patients,hoping to provide a new insight for early detection and prevention of myopia-associated optic neuropathy.

关 键 词：近视 视盘 生物力学 视神经病变 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]