认知沟:数智媒介时代数字不平等问题的关键  

Cognitive Divide :A Key Issue of Digital Inequality in the Era of Digital and Intelligent Media

作　　者：刘彧晗 喻国明 Liu Yuhan;Yu Guoming

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学公共管理学院,四川成都611731 [2]北京师范大学新闻传播学院,北京100091

出　　处：《传媒观察》2024年第9期32-43,共12页Media Observer

摘　　要：本文探讨了数智媒介对人类认知的影响,提出“认知沟”研究议题并说明其重要性。人机协同是数智社会的主导认知模式,其特征在于认知资源的供给方式转变——在数智媒介推动下从“有限获取”转变为“可供获取”,因而“人-机”交互关系成为影响人类认知能力发展的重要因素,由此数智时代人类认知能力的分化可能加剧并引发认知沟问题。认知沟描述的是人们在接入和使用数智媒介技术后的认知能力分化现象,本文从认知面向和认知表现两个层面对该概念进行了操作化定义,提出可通过问卷测量法,评估用户在信息、自我、媒介、环境四个认知面向中展现的认知多样性、复杂性、自主性、灵活性,来描绘其认知沟表现。本文进一步提出,认知沟的治理可以着眼于提升“人-机”(用户与数智媒介)交互适应性这一思路,一方面推动数智媒介进行规范化和个性化的认知资源开发,另一方面指导用户精进对数智媒介的心理接入技巧和提升智能认知素养,从而弥合认知沟。This paper examines the impact of digital and intelligent media on human cognition,introducing the concept of the"cognitive divide"and underscoring its significance.It argues that human-machine collaboration is emerging as the dominant cognitive model in the digital and intelligent society,driven by a shift in the supply of cognitive resources from"limited access"to"available access"due to advancements in digital and intelligent media.Consequently,the interaction between humans and machines has become a key factor influencing the development of human cognitive abilities,potentially exacerbating disparities in cognitive skills and leading to the issue of a cognitive divide.The cognitive divide refers to the differentiation in cognitive abilities that arises as individuals engage with digital and intelligent media technologies.This paper defines the concept through two dimensions:cognitive orientation and cognitive performance.It suggests that cognitive diversity,complexity,autonomy,and flexibility,as exhibited by users across four cognitive orientations—information,self,media,and environment—can be measured via questionnaires to better illustrate the manifestations of the cognitive divide.Furthermore,the paper proposes that addressing the cognitive divide involves enhancing the adaptability of human-machine interactions.This entails fostering both the standardized and personalized development of cognitive resources by digital and intelligent media,while simultaneously guiding users to improve their psychological access skills and enhance their intelligent cognitive literacy,ultimately working to bridge the cognitive divide.

关 键 词：数智媒介 认知沟 数字不平等 认知分化 人机协同 数字素养 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]