汉越词对初级水平越南汉语学习者词义猜测影响研究  

The impact of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary on word-meaning inferencing among Vietnamese learners of Chinese

作　　者：陈天序 尹庆银 王钗 CHEN Tianxu;YIN Qingyin;WANG Chai

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学国际教育学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2024年第4期548-560,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:22BYY162);2023年国际中文教育研究课题一般项目(项目批准号:23YH84C)等资助。

摘　　要：词义猜测能力是预测二语学习者阅读能力的一项重要指标,受到诸多语言内部和外部因素的影响。汉源词作为汉字文化圈国家语言中特殊的跨语言因素,促进或抑制汉语二语学习者的词义习得,与其对应的汉语词也影响着学习者词义猜测效果。本研究以56名初级水平越南汉语学习者为研究对象,通过三项计算机化测试,重点探讨不同类型的汉越词(汉源词在汉语中的对应词)对词义猜测效果的影响。协方差分析的结果显示:(1)不同类型汉越词对二语者词义猜测效果的影响程度不同,全留型汉越词影响最为积极;其次是借素型、结合型和调序型;改动型汉越词的帮助最小,甚至低于普通汉语词;(2)二语者的语言能力和认知能力似乎不影响汉越词类型对词义猜测影响的程度顺序。基于此,本研究提出针对汉越词学习与教学的建议。The ability to guess the meanings of words is a significant predictor of sec-ond language(L2)learners'reading abilities,which is influenced by a variety of internal and external linguistic factors.Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary,as a unique cross-linguistic element within the Sinitic linguistic sphere,facilitates or hinders the acquisition of word meaning by learners of Chinese as a second language,where the corresponding Chinese terms also affect the learners'efficacy in word-meaning inferencing.This study focuses on the effects of different types of Sino-Vietnamese terms(corresponding terms in Chinese)on word-meaning inferencing of 56 beginner-level Vietnamese learners of Chinese through three computerized tests.The results from the analysis of covariance show that:(1)differ-ent types of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary differ in their degree of influence on L2 learners'word-meaning inferencing,with full-retention Sino-Vietnamese terms having the most positive effect,which are followed by borrowed-element,combined,and re-ordered types,leaving modified Sino-Vietnamese terms offering the least assistance,even less than regu-lar Chinese terms;(2)L2 learners'language and cognitive abilities seem not to impact the degree to which different types of Sino-Vietnamese terms affect meaning guessing.Based on these results,this study proposes recommendations for the learning and teaching of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary.

关 键 词：词义猜测 母语迁移 汉越词 汉语二语 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]