由博物到体物:试论汉魏赋作的体式转型及其思想进路  

From Erudition to Sensed Externality:A Discussion on the Stylistic Change of Fu in Han-Wei Dynasty and Its Thought Path

作　　者：柴瑞瑞 CHAI Rui-rui(Department of Chinese,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学院,北京100081

出　　处：《太原学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期109-117,共9页Journal of Taiyuan University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2023年中央民族大学研究生科研实践项目(SZKY2023083)。

摘　　要：文体体式的转型,承载了思想表达的不同诉求。汉魏时期,赋体写作经历了由大赋向小赋的转变,传递出时代风尚由“博物”到“体物”的迁变信息。后世论者习以“体物”概括赋体创作特点,但“博物”与“体物”有着不同的理论面向,“博物”当为汉大赋的创作特色,“体物”一词则更适宜形容魏晋小赋。以“博物”为导向,汉大赋的创作与儒家思想紧密结合,强调知识性的输出与外在功业的建立。而以“体物”为归旨,魏晋小赋则表现出更为浓厚的玄理意味,强调个体的生命经验与感受。汉魏之际,赋体由博物大赋向体物小赋的迁变,传递出丰富的思想史信息。两汉赋家身份的升降,影响了汉魏赋体的体式转型。魏晋小赋对赋体写物传统的吸收,及玄学对“立象尽意”关系的探讨,则又最终确立了魏晋小赋“体物”的审美旨趣。The stylistic changes embody varied needs for thoughts expression.During the period of Han-Wei,Fu shifts from large to small,indicating the change of the fashion from erudition to sensed externality.Later theorists summarize the characteristics of Fu with the latter,but erudition is more suitable to describe the large Fu in Han dynasty,and sensed externalities is more suitable for the small Fu in Wei and Jin Dynasty.With the orientation of erudition,Han Fu is closely related to Confucianism,emphasizing the intellectual output and accomplishments fulfillment.With sensed externalities,the philosophical meaning of Wei and Jin Fu emphasizes personal life experience and feelings.The change of the stylistic form conveys a wealth of information about the history of thoughts.The rise and fall of the identity of the writers in the Han dynasty affects the style of Fu.The absorption of the tradition of writing objects and the exploration of the relationship between language and meaning,finally establishes the aesthetic purpose of small Fu in Wei and Jin,which is sensed externalities.

关 键 词：博物 体物 汉魏赋 思想演进 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]