《祖堂集》双宾句研究  

A Study of Chinese Double Object Construction in Zutangji

作　　者：孟祥英[1] 龙国富[2] Meng Xiangying;Long Guofu(School of Literature,History and Culture,Qilu Normal University,Jinan Shandong,250200;School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁师范学院文学与历史文化学院,山东济南250200 [2]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期47-58,共12页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“近代汉语后期语法演变与现代汉语通语及方言格局形成之关系研究”(19ZDA310)的阶段性成果。。

摘　　要：《祖堂集》是我国现存最早的禅宗史著作,是晚唐五代白话文献的典型代表。根据谓语动词的语义特点,《祖堂集》的双宾句分为动作类(给予类、取得类)和言语类(问告类、称呼类)。其特点主要有:在形式上,双宾句中介词“于”逐步脱落;在语义上,问告类数量最多而给予类较少;在成分的使用上,双宾语更为明晰,且带有禅宗色彩,双宾结构的句法功能更为多样。《祖堂集》处于汉语由文言到白话的转折时期,其双宾句在汉语发展史上具有重要价值,具体表现为:文言双宾句式微,白话双宾句占据主导地位,开启了白话文献双宾句式的新篇章;双宾语的语义更为具体,间接宾语趋简而直接宾语趋繁,这为现代汉语双宾语的发展奠定了基础;《祖堂集》中双宾句与几个介宾结构并存共现,表明中古汉语的句式表达开始丰富多样,这为现代汉语的句法发展奠定了基础.Zutangji(祖堂集)is the earliest extant Zen historical work in China and the representative of vernacular literature in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties period.Based on the semantic characteristics of the predicate verbs,the double object construction in the book is classified into action type(such as giving and obtaining)and speech type(like asking and addressing).The distinct characteristics mainly include that:in terms of form,the preposition“yu(于)”gradually disappears in double object sentences;in terms of semantics,the number of asking and addressing type is the highest,while the giving type is relatively fewer;in terms of component usage,the double objects are clearer,most of which have Zen doctrinal nuances,showcasing diverse syntactic functions of the double object structure.Positioned at the linguistic juncture of Chinese’s shift from classical to vernacular,the double object construction in Zutangji holds paramount historical value,manifesting the characteristics as follows:a decline in classical Chinese double object constructs alongside the ascendance of vernacular double object patterns,marking a new era in vernacular literary syntax;a heightened concreteness in the semantics of double objects,with indirect objects simplifying and direct objects growing complex,laying the groundwork for the development of modern Chinese double object syntax;and the coexistence of double object construction with various prepositional structures within Zutangji,signaling a burgeoning diversity in Middle Chinese expressions,thereby laying the foundation for the syntactic development of modern Chinese.

关 键 词：《祖堂集》 双宾句 文言双宾句 白话双宾句 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]