透视北京城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性与优化对策  

Perspective on the Flood Disaster Resilience in Old Urban Communities in Beijing and Improvement Measures

作　　者：孔锋 米胤瑜 王一飞[4] KONG Feng;MI Yinyu;WANG Yifei(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Professional Think Tank Base,Beijing Municipal Association of Science and Technology,Beijing 100089,China;Center for Crisis Management Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Training Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083 [2]北京市科学技术协会防灾减灾专业智库基地,北京100089 [3]清华大学应急管理研究基地,北京100084 [4]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第4期68-75,共8页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国气象局气象干部培训学院重点项目(2023CMATCZD01);中国气象局气象软科学重点项目(2023ZDIANXM10);中国高等教育学会2022年度高等教育科学研究规划课题(22DL0302);2021年度中华农业科教基金课程教材建设研究项目(NKJ202103014);北京市高等教育学会2022年立项课题面上项目(MS2022370);陕西省社会科学基金重大项目(2023ZD07).

摘　　要：老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性建设是城市洪涝灾害韧性提升的关键环节,事关城市防灾减灾成效。该文以S社区为例,从制度韧性、组织韧性、社会韧性、基础设施韧性和技术韧性维度出发,全面分析了城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性存在的问题。基于“制度-网络-能力”框架阐述了城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性欠缺的内在逻辑。研究发现①在制度方面,各主体结构性缺位与权责不明,工作内容不明确,导致社区制度韧性不足。②在网络方面,社区居委会号召力弱、各主体参与度低,居民间连接感弱、自救意识和能力薄弱,导致社区组织韧性和社会韧性不足。③在能力方面,基础设施上社区规划不合理、防洪工程功能退化,技术上管理手段落后、老年人运用技术困难等,导致社区基础设施韧性和技术韧性不足。最后该文提出了针对城市老旧社区洪涝灾害韧性提升的对策建议。The flood disaster resilience construction of old communities is a key link in improving the urban flood disaster resilience,which is related to the effectiveness of urban disaster prevention and reduction.Taking S community as an example,the problems of flood disaster resilience of old urban communities are comprehensively analyzed from the dimensions of institutional resilience,organizational resilience,social resilience,infrastructural resilience,and technological resilience.Subsequently,the inherent logic of the lack of resilience to flood disasters in old urban communities is elaborated on based on the framework of"institution-network-capacity".Firstly,in terms of institution,the structural absence and unclear rights and responsibilities of each subject,as well as unclear work content,result in insufficient of institutional resilience.Secondly,in terms of network,the appeal of community neighborhood committees is weak,the participation of various entities is low,the sense of connection between residents is weak,and the awareness and ability of self-help are weak,resulting in insufficient of organizational resilience and social resilience.Thirdly,in terms of capacity,unreasonable community planning in infrastructure,degradation of flood control engineering functions,outdated management methods in technology,and difficulties for the elderly in using technology have led to insufficient of infrastructural resilience and technological resilience.Finally,suggestions for improving the flood disaster resilience in old urban communities are proposed.The research has reference for deeply understanding the flood disaster resilience of old communities and scientifically evaluating the flood disaster resilience of communities.

关 键 词：社区减灾 社区洪涝灾害韧性 城市老旧社区 基础设施韧性 制度韧性 社会韧性 组织韧性 技术韧性 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5