台风“暹芭”不同阶段的大暴雨雨滴谱特征分析  

Analysis of Raindrop Spectrum Characteristics for Stages of Heavy Rainstorm Events Caused by Typhoon Chaba in Hunan

作　　者：吴亚昊 唐明晖 游枭雄 陈紫妍 杨湘婧 赵浩阳 WU Yahao;TANG Minghui;YOU Xiaoxiong;CHEN Ziyan;YANG Xiangjing;ZHAOHaoyang(Hunan Meteorological Observatory,Changsha 410118,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410118,China;Huaihua Meteorological Observatory of Hunan Province,Huaihua 418000,China;Chenzhou Meteorological Observatory of Hunan Province,Chenzhou 423000,China;The Experiment Base of National Integrated Meteorological Observation in Changsha,Changsha 410225,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象台,湖南长沙410118 [2]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [3]湖南省怀化市气象局,湖南怀化418000 [4]湖南省郴州市气象局,湖南郴州423000 [5]长沙国家综合气象观测试验基地,湖南长沙410225

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第4期115-124,共10页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金重大项目“中小尺度强对流天气系统及其衍生灾害多源卫星遥感模型研究”(2021JC009);风云卫星应用先行计划(2022)“基于风云卫星的人工智能对流初生预警技术”(FY-APP-20220605)。

摘　　要：以国家气象观测站雨滴谱资料为主,结合雨量计、雷达和ERA5再分析资料,分别选择江永站和宁乡站代表倒槽、低压阶段,分析2022年台风“暹芭”影响湖南不同阶段的大暴雨雨滴谱特征。研究表明:①层状云降水频次远高于对流云降水,江永站降水稳定连续而宁乡站降水随时间波动明显,直径0~1 mm的粒子数浓度最大,高于东亚普通对流性降水;②直径0~1 mm的雨滴对数浓度贡献最大,雨量贡献以直径1~3 mm粒子为主,直径大于1 mm的粒子对宁乡站对流降水贡献最大;③江永站平均尺度谱谱宽与雨强成反比,宁乡站大滴端“上翘”且小雨滴谱浓度和谱宽与雨强成正比;④江永站对流云降水的平均lg_(10)N_(w)-D_(m)值偏向海洋性对流,宁乡站介于海洋性对流和大陆性对流;⑤江永站的μ-λ关系式为λ=0.02μ^(2)+0.48μ+3.58,宁乡站是λ=-0.01μ^(2)+0.9μ+1.59;根据降水类型选择Z-R关系反演的雨强与真实雨强更接近,可改善强降水估计精度。Based on the raindrop spectrum data of the National Meteorological Obervation Station,combined with the reanalysis data of rain gauge,radar and ERAS,representative inverted through and low pressure stages of Jiangyang station and Ningxiang station are selected to analyze the raindrop spectrum characteristics of heavy nainstorm in different stages affected by the 2022 Typhoon“Chaba”in Hunan.Results show that:①The frequency of stratiform precipitation is much higher than that of convective precipitation,the precipitation at Jiangyong station is stable and continuous,while the precipitation at Ninxiang station fluctuates significantly with time;The maximum number concentration appears at the diameter of 0~1 mm,which is obviously higher than the statistical value of small raindrop concentration in common convective precipitation in East Asia.②The number concentration and rainfall are dominated by raindrops with the diameter of 0~1 mm and 1~3 mm respectively,particles with diameter greater than 1 mm are the most important part of rainfall in convective precipitation at Ninxiang station.③The width of average scale spectra at Jiangyong station was inversely proportional to rainfall intensity;The number concentration of larger raindrops was not decrease with the increased droplet diameter,and the number concentration of smaller raindrops and scale spectra width increase with rainfall intensity.④The average value of log_(10)N_(w) and D_(m) in convective precipitation of Jiangyong station towards oceanic convection,while the consequential value of Ninxiang station was between continental and oceanic ones.⑤Theμ-λrelationship in Jiangyong station isλ=0.02μ^(2)+0.48μ+3.58 while in Ninxiang station isλ=-0.01μ^(2)+0.9μ+1.59;Rainfall intensity inverted by Z-R relationships according to precipitation type is closer to real rainfall intensity,which could improve the estimation accuracy of heavy rain.

关 键 词：台风“暹芭” 大暴雨 不同阶段 雨滴谱 GAMMA分布 微物理特征 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P45