岷江河口汇流特征及浅滩整治水位  

Confluence characteristics and regulation stage of shoals at Minjiang River mouth

作　　者：何熙 郝岭 邓涯 李顺超 曹民雄[1] HE Xi;HAO Ling;DENG Ya;LI Shunchao;CAO Minxiong(Key Laboratory of Port,Waterway&Sedimentation Engineering Ministry of Communications,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Sichuan Communication Surveying&Design Institude CO.,LTD,Chengdu 610017,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610017

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第4期645-656,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3200403);港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室开放基金项目(Yk223001-1)。

摘　　要：山区支流河口航道受干、支流“博弈”影响,兼具天然河流和回水顶托段水文泥沙的双重特性,分析两江水沙条件、汇流特征、顶托影响对研究支流河口段航道治理具有重要意义。本文以岷江河口为例,采用1960—2020年金沙江、岷江实测水文泥沙资料,基于Copula函数理论构建两江退水期日均流量联合分布模型,建立岷江河口段航道枯水河床造床作用函数,提出山区支流河口段航道浅滩整治水位的量化方法。研究结果表明:①受流域上游水库大规模开发建设以及人类活动因素影响,岷江下游年径流量及输沙量呈显著减小趋势,但枯水期流量呈显著增加趋势;②金沙江对岷江河口段壅水作用总体表现为汛期强于枯水期,对岷江汛末至枯水期时段冲刷航槽、维持岷江河口段航道水深创造了有利条件;③岷江河口壅水高度随汇流比增大而增加,且两者呈明显的正线性相关关系;④岷江河口变动壅水区范围内整治水位应遵循羊角石以上按照非顶托河段采用设计最低通航水位以上1.5 m的原则,羊角石—杨家滩河段整治水位则应自上而下采用设计最低通航水位以上1.5~2.0 m渐变增加的原则。Tributary-mouth channels of mountain rivers are affected by the game between the tributary and main stream,the water and sediment characteristics of which are characterized by both natural rivers and the reach affected by backwater from the main stream.Analyzing the water and sediment conditions of the tributary and main stream,the confluence characteristics,the backwater effects is of great significance for studying the tributary-mouth channel regulation.Taking mouth of Minjiang River as an example,a joint distribution function model of daily mean discharge during the recession period of Jinsha River and Minjiang River was constructed based on the Copula function theory and a function for the low water tributary-mouth channel formation was established using measured hydrologic and sediment data of Jinsha River and Minjiang River during 1960—2020.A quantitative method for determining the shoal-regulation stage of tributary-mouth channel was proposed.The study produced some important results:①The annual runoff and sediment runoff showed significant decreasing trends,whereas the runoff during the dry season showed significant increasing trends in the Lower Minjiang River affected both by the large-scale development and construction of reservoirs in the upper reaches and human activities.②The backwater effect of the Jinsha River on the mouth of Minjiang River was generally stronger during the flood season than that during the dry season which provided favorable conditions for scouring the channel during the period from the end of the flood season to the dry season and maintaining the mouth channel depth of Minjiang River.③The backwater height at mouth of Minjiang River increased with the increase of the confluence ratio,and there was a significant positive linear correlation between them.④The regulation stage should follow the principle of being 1.5 meters above the designed minimum navigable stage in the fluctuant backwater zone upstream of Yangjiaoshi,and should gradually increase from 1.5 to 2.0 meters

关 键 词：汇流特征 汇流比 顶托作用 COPULA函数 整治水位 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]