清代武生童试中的“冒籍”问题  

The issue of“Maoji”in military students’examinations during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李信厚 LI Xin-hou

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期131-138,150,共9页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中华优秀传统武术拳种的传承发展体系研究”(19BTY113)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：科举制度是一种相对公平的官员选拔制度,还是一项教育和文化促进制度。此项制度促进了国民素质的提高,也促进民间学风的提升,更推动了中华文化的进步。清朝“上承明制”,通过科举考试取士笼络知识分子。然而,在分区定额与原籍应试原则之下,冒籍成为清代科举的一大顽症,为了维护科举秩序,通过稽查户籍、严格廩生保结、验对亲供、严格选拔监考官员、制订严厉的惩罚制度等手段,逐步建立起一套较为系统完备的冒籍防范机制。其中,“审音”这种方法对于预防冒籍,“端士习厚民风”,起到了重要作用。The imperial examination system was not only a relatively fair method for selecting government officials but also a mechanism for promoting education and cultural advancement.This system improved the quality of the populace,enhanced academic traditions among the people,and furthered the progress of Chinese culture.The Qing Dynasty,inheriting the practices of the Ming Dynasty,used the examination to recruit scholars and intellectuals.However,under the principle of fixed quotas by region and examination in one’s place of origin,“Maoji”(falsification of residency for examination purposes)became a persistent issue in the Qing examination system.To maintain the integrity of the system,the Qing government implemented a series of measures.These included verifying household registrations,enforcing strict guarantees from recommended students(linsheng),verifying the authenticity of family records,carefully selecting examiners and establishing harsh penalties for violators.Among these methods,the practice of“auditory verification”(shenyin)played a crucial role in identifying non-local accents,thereby helping to prevent“Maoji”and fostering an honest academic culture and community spirit.

关 键 词：清代 武生 童试 冒籍 科举 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D691.3[历史地理—中国史]