人体冷冻胚胎的法律定性与权利归属研究  

Research on the Legal Characterization and Attribution of Rights of Frozen Embryos

作　　者：韦诗蕴 WEI Shiyun(Law School of Civil,Commercial and Economic,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第10期116-122,共7页Medicine and Society

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学基金重点项目,编号为18FXA004;中国政法大学博士研究生创新实践项目,编号为2022BSCX05。

摘　　要：随着医疗技术的飞速发展,我国首例人体冷冻胚胎继承案引起社会公众和学界对冷冻胚胎和人类辅助生殖技术的关注和研究。冷冻胚胎具有发育为人的潜力,兼具物权客体之权利对象和人身权客体之权利对象二元属性,其中包含财产利益、人格利益、人性尊严、准身份利益四重权益,构成二元四重权利结构。在厘清冷冻胚胎法律性质的基础上,研究结合国际通行的冷冻胚胎处置方式,针对供体夫妻婚姻关系解除、婚姻关系自始无效、一方死亡或者双方死亡等权利冲突和权利无主的典型情境,进一步分析冷冻胚胎的权利归属,以期对冷冻胚胎所涉的法律纠纷的解决有所助益。With the rapid development of medical technology,the first frozen embryo inheritance case in China has aroused attention and spurred research on frozen embryos and human assisted reproductive technology.Frozen embryos have the potential to develop into humans.It has dual attributes as carriers of both property rights and personal rights and it contain property interests,personal individuality interests,human dignity,and quasi-identity interests,forming a rights structure with internal and external levels.On the basis of clarifying the legal characterization of frozen embryos and combined with common methods of disposal,this paper analyzes the attribution of rights of frozen embryos in typical situations of rights conflicts and ownerless scenarios,such as termination of marriage,invalidity of marriage from the beginning,the death of one or both parties,in order to contribute to the resolution of legal disputes related to frozen embryos.

关 键 词：卫生法 人体冷冻胚胎 法律定性 权利归属 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R197.1