数字基础设施建设对企业劳动雇佣的影响与机制——以“宽带中国”战略为准自然实验  

A Study of the Impact of Digital Infrastructure Development on Corporate Labor Employment--A Quasi-Natural Experiment from the"Broadband China"Strategy

作　　者：贾晓芳 谢宝剑[2] JIA Xiao-fang;XIE Bao-jian(School of Economics,Management and Law,University of South China,Hengyang 421200,Hunan,China;School of Economics,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学经济管理与法学学院,湖南衡阳421200 [2]暨南大学经济学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2024年第10期18-32,共15页China Business and Market

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学规划项目“数字基础设施建设赋能湖南县域产业结构升级的理论机理与实现路径研究”(23YBQ075);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目“数字基础设施驱动湖南省农村居民就地就业的效应、机制与政策研究”(23B0420);南华大学科研启动项目“数字技术赋能湖南省产业转型升级的理论机制和实现路径研究”(5524QD029)。

摘　　要：在产业结构转型升级与经济下行压力加大叠加影响下,就业问题日益凸显。随着数字经济与实体经济深入融合,加强数字基础设施建设成为推动经济高质量发展、破解就业难题的重要途径。基于2007—2022年我国A股上市公司数据,以“宽带中国”战略作为数字基础设施建设的准自然实验,利用多期双重差分模型,实证分析数字基础设施建设对企业劳动雇佣的影响。研究发现,数字基础设施建设能够显著促进企业劳动雇佣的增加。数字基础设施建设对企业劳动雇佣的促进作用因企业所处生命周期阶段、行业、地区不同而存在差异:相比于衰退期企业,其对成长期和成熟期企业劳动雇佣的促进作用更强;相比于服务业企业,其对制造业企业劳动雇佣的促进作用更强;相比于东部、西部、东北地区企业,其对中部地区企业劳动雇佣的促进作用更强。数字基础设施建设通过扩大企业生产规模、提高企业专业化分工水平、加快企业数字化转型三个机制增加企业劳动雇佣。数字基础设施建设能为不同受教育水平和就业岗位的劳动力创造广阔就业空间,但相比于低学历劳动力,其对高学历劳动力的就业创造效应更显著;相比于财务岗位、销售岗位、其他岗位特别是生产岗位,其对与数字技术密切相关的技术岗位的就业创造效应更显著。因此,要加强数字基础设施建设,增强就业创造效应。加大人才培养力度,提升劳动力技能水平。因地制宜制定发展政策,推动地区就业规模稳定增加。The employment crisis has become more acute as a result of industry restructuring and upgrading,as well as the increased downward pressure on the economy.Given the deep integration of digital economy and real economy,strengthening the development of digital infrastructure construction has emerged as an essential route for addressing the employment problem and promoting high-quality economic growth.Using data from China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022,the authors employ the"Broadband China"strategy as a quasi-natural experiment in digital infrastructure construction,build a multi-period double-difference model,and empirically analyze the impact of digital infrastructure construction on corporate labor employment.It is found that digital infrastructure construction can significantly increase corporate labor employment.The promoting role of digital infrastructure construction in promoting corporate labor employment varies across firms,depending on stages of life cycle,industries,and regions they are in:comparing to firms in the stage of decline,the promoting role of digital infrastructure construction is stronger for firms in the stage of growth and maturity;comparing to firms in service industry,the promoting role of digital infrastructure construction is stronger for firms in manufacturing industry;and comparing to firms in east,west,and north-east China,the promoting role of digital infrastructure construction is stronger for firms in central regions.Digital infrastructure construction increases corporate labor employment through three mechanisms:increasing corporate production scale,boosting corporate specialization,and driving corporate digital transformation.Digital infrastructure construction provides a wide range of employment opportunities for labor with various levels of education and in various of employment position,but comparing to labor with lower level of education,it creates more employment opportunities for labor with higher level of education;and comparing to position of finance,sale,a

关 键 词：数字基础设施 “宽带中国” 专业化分工 数字化转型 劳动雇佣 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]