基于北方寒地冻土的螺旋式挖坑机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Spiral Digger Based on Frozen Soil in Northern Cold Regions

作　　者：尹大庆[1] 王雪 苏林峰 Yin Daqing;Wang Xue;Su Linfeng(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第1期157-164,172,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：黑龙江省教改研究项目(SJGY20210102);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700800)。

摘　　要：针对目前市场上缺少适宜冻土环境作业挖坑机械的问题,以适用于北方寒地的螺旋式挖坑机为研究对象,通过测量哈尔滨的冻土参数并与硬质土壤进行对比,获得工作对象土壤参数。结合移栽白桦树苗所需穴坑尺寸,对挖坑机工作部件进行参数设计。根据运动学分析确定了升运土壤的临界转速,对挖坑机的工作参数进行分析,并得到了装置所需的功率。为便于开展试验验证,运用相似理论对试验装置和作业穴坑进行了等比例缩放,试验用钻头长度为400 mm,叶片长度为200 mm,钻尖半径为100 mm,转速大于155 r/min,动力源额定功率为4 kW。试验结果表明:当刀片组合方式为平刀-锯齿刀时,可以获得最短的挖坑时间。研究结果可为北方寒地秋冬季节冻土条件下,树苗移栽时螺旋式挖坑机的设计提供参考。In response to the current lack of suitable excavation machinery for working in permafrost environments in the market,a spiral excavator suitable for cold regions in the north was taken as the research object.By measuring the frozen soil parameters in Harbin and comparing them with hard soil,the basis for determining the soil parameters of the working object is obtained.Based on the required pit size for transplanting birch seedlings,parameter design was carried out for the working components of the excavator.According to the kinematics analysis,the critical speed of lifting soil was determined,and the power required by the device was obtained by analyzing the working parameters of the excavator.For the convenience of conducting experimental verification,the similarity theory was used to scale the experimental device and operation pit.The length of the drill bit used in the experiment was 400 mm,the length of the blade was 200 mm,the radius of the drill tip was 100 mm,the speed was greater than 155 r/min,and the rated power of the power source was 4 kW.The experimental results indicate that when the blade combination method was flat serrated,the shortest excavation time can be obtained.This study provides a reference for the design of a spiral excavator for transplanting tree seedlings under frozen soil conditions in the autumn and winter seasons of northern cold regions.

关 键 词：挖坑机 螺旋式 冻土 钻头 

分 类 号：S776.262[农业科学—森林工程]