康德人权概念之先验方法论展开  

The Development of Kant′s Transcendental Methodology for the Concept of Human Rights

作　　者：贺梓恒 HE Ziheng(Administrative Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“法治与德治的治理机制研究”(20AFX002)。

摘　　要：人权是康德法哲学、政治哲学的核心概念。现有对康德人权概念的研究主要采取的是先验要素论的解读路径,尤为缺少对先验方法论的关注。先验方法论源自于作为康德法哲学、政治哲学总问题的永久和平之理论定位。在先验方法论意义上,人权概念以公共性为原则呈现出理念的维度与历史的维度。作为理念,人权概念内含主体之立法是一种争论和共识的递归。置于历史之中的人权概念,其内涵在启蒙的历史中被逐渐拓展,并统一了作为绝对规定根据的自由和承认差异性存在的宽容。康德试图从人权概念之历史实践维度,为处于生活世界的自由公民的自由实践提供可能。这尽管存在难以克服的局限性,却至少为人类现代文明之持存给出了合乎理性的解释,并且为人权概念的内容要素预留了可供填补的空间。这一历史逻辑也为后来诸多思想家所效仿和推进。The human right is a central concept in Kant′s legal and political philosophy.The existing researches of Kant′s concept of human rights have mainly taken the interpretation path of a doctrine of elements,lacking in particular a focus on transcendental methodology,which stems from the theoretical orientation of the perpetual peace as the general problem of Kant′s legal and political philosophy.In the sense of transcendental methodology,the concept of human rights presents both an ideal and a historical dimension based on the principle of publicity.As an idea,the legislation of the subjects embedded in the concept of human rights is a recursion of debate and consensus.The concept of human rights,embedded in history,has gradually expanded its connotation in the history of the enlightenment and unified freedom as a basis for absolute prescriptions with tolerance,which recognizes the existence of difference.Kant′s attempt to offer the possibility of free practice of free citizenship in the world of human beings in the dimension of the historical practice of the concept of human rights,despite its insurmountable limitations,at least gives a rational explanation for the persistence of modern human civilization and leaves room for filling in the content elements of the concept of human rights,and this historical logic was also followed and advanced by many subsequent thinkers.

关 键 词：康德 人权 先验方法论 公共性 历史实践 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]