渤海典型油品短期风化过程的实验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHORT WEATHERING PROCESSES OF TYPICAL OIL PRODUCTS FROM THE BOHAI SEA

作　　者：徐江玲 刘桂艳 奉杰 毕凡 李轶斐 曹瑞辰 吕咸青 XU Jiang-Ling;LIU Gui-Yan;FENG Jie;BI Fan;LI Yi-Fei;CAO Rui-Chen;LYU Xian-Qing(Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266061,China;North china Sea Marine Forecasting and Hazard Mitigation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266590,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部北海预报减灾中心,山东青岛266590 [3]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第5期1120-1129,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室开放基金项目,2023109号;基于初级生产力驱动的黄河口海洋生态系统关键服务功能演变趋势预测研究项目,CF-MEEC/TR/2024-5号;亚洲合作资金项目-东盟海上搜救目标物迁移预测溯源系统示范应用,121206003000210010号。

摘　　要：针对海上溢油的短期风化过程,选取目前渤海区域油田主要生产的5种典型的油品进行了短期风化过程的实验分析,以探讨蒸发、乳化和沉潜作用对油品的具体影响。实验结果显示,油膜厚度、风速和温度显著影响蒸发过程,而乳化物的形成及其稳定性则与胶质和沥青质的含量紧密相关。蒸发过程主要引发油品密度的变化,乳化过程则对油品的密度和黏度均造成显著影响。特别值得注意的是,在高温区间内,温度对蒸发率的影响相对减弱,且船舶燃油和10号柴油的蒸发率对风速的变化表现出更高的敏感性。此外,低黏度油品的沉潜过程主要受小粒径悬浮颗粒物的影响,而大粒径颗粒物则更易促进高黏度油品的沉潜。基于上述实验数据,建立了经验公式,用以量化蒸发率、乳化率和沉潜率与环境因素及油品性质之间的关联,公式在描述油膜厚度、风速和温度对风化过程的影响时,拟合度R^(2)基本可以达到0.9。这些实验结果和经验公式为预测海上溢油行为提供了有力的工具,有助于制定更为精准的溢油应急处理策略。To investigate the short-term weathering process of oil spills at sea,five typical oil products currently produced from the Bohai Sea,North China,were selected to explore the specific effects of evaporation,emulsification,and submergence on the oil products.Results show that the thickness of oil film,wind speed,and temperature significantly affected the evaporation process,while the formation and stability of emulsified substances were closely related to the content of colloids and asphaltenes.The evaporation process mainly caused changes in oil density,while the emulsification process significantly affected both oil density and viscosity.It is particularly noteworthy that in the high temperature range,the effect of temperature on evaporation rate showed a relatively weakening trend,and the evaporation rates of ship fuel oil and No.10 diesel exhibited higher sensitivity to wind speed.In addition,the submergence process of low-viscosity oil products was shown to be mainly affected by small-sized suspended particles,while large-sized particles were more likely to promote the submergence of high-viscosity oil products.Based on the experimental data,empirical equations were established to describe the correlation between evaporation rate,emulsification rate,and submergence rate with environmental factors and oil product properties.The empirical equations achieved a good fit,with high correlation coefficient value of~0.9 when describing the effects of oil film thickness,wind speed,and temperature on the weathering process,indicating high accuracy.The experimental results and empirical equations provide a useful tool for describing oil spills behavior and predicting their movement at sea,which is helpful for developing more accurate emergency response strategies for oil spill incidents at sea.

关 键 词：海洋溢油 风化过程 蒸发 乳化 沉潜 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]