不同粗饲料来源饲粮对哺乳期牦牛犊牛养分表观消化率、肠道组织形态、免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Roughage Source Diets on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Intestinal Histomorphology,Immune Indices and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Pre-Weaned Yak Calves

作　　者：安乐乐 薛国良 周亚楠 谷颖超 杨得玉 刘书杰[1] 崔占鸿[1] AN Lele;XUE Guoliang;ZHOU Ya’nan;GU Yingchao;YANG Deyu;LIU Shujie;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第9期5817-5827,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省帅才科学家负责制项目(2023-NK-147)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料来源饲粮对哺乳期牦牛犊牛养分表观消化率、肠道组织形态、免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响。选取21头45日龄体重[(36.47±0.99)kg]相近的健康牦牛犊牛(公牛),随机分为3组,每组7头牛。苜蓿干草组(AH组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加苜蓿干草,燕麦干草组(OH组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加燕麦干草,混合干草组(AO组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加燕麦干草和苜蓿干草(苜蓿干草∶燕麦干草=1∶1)。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)AO组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙和磷表观消化率显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05)。2)AO组的十二指肠绒毛长度显著低于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),AO组的回肠隐窝深度显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),AO组和OH组的结肠黏膜厚度显著低于AH组(P<0.05)。3)AO组的空肠和结肠干扰素-γ含量、盲肠白细胞介素-1β和分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于AH组(P<0.05),AH组的结肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于AO组和OH组(P<0.05)。4)AO组的空肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于OH组(P<0.05),AO组的回肠胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),OH组的空肠α-淀粉酶活性、十二指肠糜蛋白酶活性、结肠纤维素酶活性显著高于AH组和AO组(P<0.05),OH组的回肠、结肠α-淀粉酶活性显著高于AO组(P<0.05)。由此可见,相比单一饲喂苜蓿干草或燕麦干草,混合饲喂苜蓿干草和燕麦干草提高了牦牛犊牛NDF、ADF、钙和磷表观消化率,提高了肠道主要消化酶活性,改善了肠道免疫功能,促进了肠道发育,更有利于牦牛犊牛早期的健康生长。The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different roughage source diets on nutrient apparent digestibility,intestinal histomorphology,immune indices and digestive enzyme activities of pre-weaned yak calves.Twenty-one healthy yak calves(male)with similar and body weight[(36.47±0.99)kg]were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 yak calves in each group.The alfalfa hay group(AH group)was fed milk replacer and starter supplemented with alfalfa hay,the oat hay group(OH group)was fed milk replacer and starter supplemented with oat hay,and the mix hay group(AO group)was fed milk replacer and starter supplemented with alfalfa hay+oat hay(alfalfa hay∶oat hay=1∶1).The pre-experimental period lasted for 21 days,and the experimental period lasted for 120 days.The results showed as follows:1)the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),calcium and phosphorus of AO group was significantly higher than that of AH group and OH group(P<0.05).2)The duodenal villus length of AO group was significantly lower than that of AH group and OH group(P<0.05),the ileal crypt depth of AO group was significantly higher than that of AH group and OH group(P<0.05),and the colonic mucosal thickness of AO group and OH group was significantly lower than that of AH group(P<0.05).3)The jejunal and colonic interferon-γcontent and cecal interleukin-1βand secretory immunoglobulin A contents of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH group(P<0.05),and the colonic secretory immunoglobulin A content of AH group was significantly higher than that of AO group and OH group(P<0.05).4)The jejunal trypsin activity of AO group was significantly higher than that of OH group(P<0.05),the ileal trypsin and chymotrypsin activities of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH group and OH group(P<0.05),the jejunalα-amylase activity,duodenal chymotrypsin activity and colonic cellulase activity of OH group were significantly higher than those of AH group and AO group(P<0.05),and the

关 键 词：苜蓿干草 燕麦干草 牦牛犊牛 肠道组织形态 消化酶活性 免疫 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]