不同发酵时间对燕麦-饲用豌豆发酵全混合日粮营养成分、发酵品质、康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系组分及瘤胃降解特性的影响  

Effects of Different Fermentation Time on Nutritional Composition,Fermentation Quality,Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System Components and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Oat-Feed Pea Wrapped Fermentation Total Mixed Ration

作　　者：张珈敏 李海萍 贾志锋[3] 马祥[3] 陈有军[1] 陈仕勇[1] 黄艳玲[4] 杨丽雪[1] 周青平[1] 关皓 ZHANG Jiamin;LI Haiping;JIA Zhifeng;MA Xiang;CHEN Youjun;CHEN Shiyong;HUANG Yanling;YANG Lixue;ZHOU Qingping;GUAN Hao(Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Mathematics Statistics,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Use of Forage Germplasm Resources on Tibetan Plateau Qinghai Province,Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,成都610041 [2]青海师范大学数学与统计学院,西宁810016 [3]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,成都610041

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第9期6058-6071,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：西南民族大学“双一流”项目(CX2023014);青海省重点研发与转化计划(2022-NK-130);四川省归国留学人员择优资助项目(【2023】703号);四川省肉牛创新团队建设专项经费(CXTD2019-13)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究不同发酵时间对高寒地区燕麦-饲用豌豆发酵全混合日粮(TMR)营养成分、发酵品质、康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)组分及瘤胃降解特性的影响,解析发酵TMR的营养成分和瘤胃降解特性在不同发酵时间下的变化规律。将6∶4混播的燕麦和饲用豌豆刈割后,添加青稞秸秆、油菜秸秆、油菜粕和预混料,再均匀喷洒乳酸菌剂,将其制成裹包发酵TMR,室外温度(-10~15℃)下存放,分别在发酵30、120、200 d取样进行营养成分、发酵品质、CNCPS组分和瘤胃降解特性的测定。结果表明:1)发酵200 d的酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量显著高于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。2)发酵30 d的氨态氮和乙酸含量显著低于发酵120和200 d(P<0.05)。3)CNCPS分析发现,发酵120 d的慢速降解真蛋白质含量最低,显著低于发酵30 d(P<0.05);发酵120 d的碳水化合物含量显著高于发酵30和200 d(P<0.05),发酵200 d的不可利用碳水化合物含量显著高于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。4)NRC模型分析发现,发酵30 d的真可消化脂肪酸含量显著高于发酵120和200 d(P<0.05),发酵200 d的维持水平总可消化养分含量及生产水平消化能、生产水平代谢能、生产水平泌乳净能、维持净能、增重净能显著低于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。5)发酵200 d的72 h实际产气量、理论最大产气量和产气速率显著低于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。发酵200 d的粗蛋白质降解率显著低于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。发酵120 d的瘤胃pH显著低于发酵30和120 d(P<0.05)。发酵30 d的瘤胃氨态氮含量显著高于发酵120和200 d(P<0.05)。综上所述,在高寒地区极端气候条件下,燕麦-饲用豌豆发酵TMR品质会随着发酵时间的延长而降低,发酵30和120 d能有效保存营养物质,利用此配方调制发酵TMR,能延长饲料存储时间,提高非常规饲料的利用率,维持反刍动物的营养需要。The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different fermentation time on nutritional composition,fermentation quality,Cornell net carbohydrate protein system(CNCPS)components and rumen degradation characteristics of oat-feed pea wrapped fermentation total mixed ration(TMR)in alpine regions,and to analyze the changing rules of nutritional composition and rumen degradation characteristics of fermentation TMR under different fermentation time.The 6∶4 mixture of oat and feed pea was mowed,the barley straw,rape straw,rape meal and premix were added,and then evenly sprayed with lactic acid bacterial agents,which were made into a wrapped fermentation TMR,stored at outdoor temperature(-10 to 15℃),and sampled for determination of nutritional composition,fermentation quality,CNCPS components and rumen degradation characteristics on fermented 30,120 and 200 days,respectively.The results showed as follows:1)the acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents at fermented 200 days were significantly higher than those at fermented 30 and 120 days(P<0.05).2)The ammonium nitrogen and acetic acid contents at fermented 30 days was significantly lower than those at fermented 120 and 200 days(P<0.05).3)CNCPS analysis showed that the slow degradation true protein content at fermented 120 days was the lowest,and significantly lower than that at fermented 30 days(P<0.05);the carbohydrate content at fermented 120 days was significantly higher than that at fermented 30 and 200 days(P<0.05),and the unavailable carbohydrate content at fermented 200 days was significantly higher than that at fermented 30 and 120 days(P<0.05).4)The NRC model analysis showed that the true digestible fatty acid content at fermented 30 days was significantly higher than that at fermented 120 and 200 days(P<0.05),the maintain level total digestible nutrient content and production level digestible energy,production level metabolizable energy,production level lactation net energy,maintenance net energy and net energy for gaining

关 键 词：发酵TMR 发酵时间 品质 CNCPS NRC模型 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]