性别身份规范与大学专业性别失衡  

Gender Identity Norms and the Gender Gap of College Major Choice

作　　者：许敏波 曾梦 Xu Minbo;Zeng Meng(Business School,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第5期198-219,共22页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“家庭教育投资不平衡的竞争性机制研究”(项目编号:20BJL148)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从性别角色文化视角,解释在高等教育性别逆转背景下大学专业性别失衡日益凸显的现象。首先,本文从理论上提出分析框架,即性别身份规范通过影响个体对专业的未来收益和成本估计的信念进而影响专业选择;然后使用微观调查数据实证检验地区性别身份规范对个人选择人文社科或理工类专业的影响。基于工具变量估计的结果表明,省级性别身份规范越传统,女性选择人文社科专业的概率越大,但对男性的专业选择没有显著影响。受到影响的主要是成绩中等的女性,影响程度随时间逐渐减弱,而且在东中西部地区依次递增。进一步分析发现,性别身份规范对女性专业选择的影响在高中文理分科阶段已经出现。From the perspective of gender role culture,this paper explains the increasing gender gap of college majors in the context of gender reversal in Chinese higher education.First,this paper proposes a theoretical framework that gender identify norms impact college major choice by influencing individuals'expectations about the future benefits and costs of majors.Then,this pa-per uses micro-survey data to examine the impact of regional gender identity norms on individualschoice of humanities and social sciences or science and engineering majors.The results based on instrumental variable estimation show that the more traditional provincial gender identity norms are,the more likely the female are to choose humanities and social science majors,but it has no significant impact on male major choice.Those affected are mainly the female with medium aca-demic performance,and the extent of the impact gradually weakens over time but increases in or-der in the eastern,central,and western regions.Further analysis shows that the impact of gender identity norms on female major choices has already emerged at the senior high school stage.

关 键 词：性别身份规范 性别失衡 大学专业选择 

分 类 号：F063.4[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]