精神世界、社会世界与差序格局:重读韦伯《中国的宗教》  

Spiritual World,Social World and Chaxugeju:Rereading Weber's The Religion of China

作　　者：周雪光[1] ZHOU Xueguang

机构地区：[1]斯坦福大学社会学系

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第9期115-129,共15页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：在《中国的宗教》中,韦伯以“新教伦理与资本主义精神”的分析框架提出一个命题,即儒教伦理抑制了近代资本主义在中国的兴起。这一框架着眼于精神世界(spiritual world)与社会世界(social world)间的连接,即宗教伦理对日常生活实践的影响。韦伯在新教伦理讨论中关注不同教派信仰与经济活动间关系,不同教派信仰的社会世界,“生活样式”的理性化,等等。但《中国的宗教》主要着眼于士大夫的“精神世界”,而没有关注他们日常生活中的社会世界。通过对韦伯思路的再审视,可以从精神世界和社会世界的互动中认识士大夫/中国人的“心态”,强调差序格局是人们在社会世界中的行动逻辑,进而提出新的研究思路和课题。In his the Religion of China,Max Weber built on his analytical framework in the Protestant Ethic and the"Spirit"of Capitalism,and argued that Confucian ethic suppressed the rise of modern capitalism in traditional China.Weber's framework establishes the link between the spiritual world and the social world;that is,religious ethics influence everyday life practice.He explained the rise of capitalism in the West in light of the influence of the Protestant ethic on economic and social activities.Yet,when he turned attention to China,Weber mainly focused on the scholar-officials'spiritual world and paid scant attention to their social world.In this article I reexamine Weber's thesis,and propose to make sense of the mentality of the scholar-oficials and Chinese people in the interactions between their spiritual world and social world.I emphasize the importance of Chaxugeju as the logic of action in everyday life practice,which suggests a new approach and a set of new research agenda.

关 键 词：精神世界 社会世界 差序格局 家产官僚制 儒教 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]