11种植物挥发油对米象和锯谷盗的熏蒸与触杀活性研究  

Fumigation and contact toxicity of 11 plants essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis

作　　者：周幸 詹丽 孔波 梁倩 ZHOU Xing;ZHAN Li;KONG Bo;LIANG Qian(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2024年第5期54-60,共7页Journal of Biology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2022C02023);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31201572);西南林业大学人才引进项目(111307)。

摘　　要：为评价赤桉、直杆蓝桉、蓝桉、大叶桉、樟脑桉、小叶桉、三花桉、文旦、柠檬、甜橙和柑橘共11种植物挥发油对米象和锯谷盗的熏蒸与触杀活性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用滤纸浸药法和微量点滴法测定挥发油对米象和锯谷盗的杀虫活性。赤桉挥发油对米象的熏蒸活性最好,LC_(50)为29.42 mg/L,直杆蓝桉挥发油次之,LC_(50)为39.22 mg/L。赤桉挥发油对锯谷盗的熏蒸活性最好,LC_(50)为4.97 mg/L,直杆蓝桉挥发油次之,LC_(50)为11.27 mg/L。文旦挥发油对米象的触杀活性最好,LD_(50)为29.84μg/头,赤桉挥发油次之,LD_(50)为61.92μg/头。赤桉挥发油对锯谷盗的触杀活性最好,LD_(50)为7.74μg/头,三花桉挥发油次之,LD_(50)为16.22μg/头。赤桉挥发油对米象和锯谷盗均具有良好的熏蒸活性,对米象的触杀活性仅次于文旦挥发油,对锯谷盗的触杀活性也最好。赤桉挥发油的主要成分为匙叶桉油烯醇(18.48%),文旦挥发油的主要成分为D-柠檬烯(37.79%)。研究结果为赤桉和文旦植物资源的开发利用及挥发油防治米象和锯谷盗提供理论依据。In order to evaluate the control effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis,E.maidenii,E.globulus,E.robusta,E.camphora,E.tereticornis,E.triflora,Citrus maxima,C.limon,C.sinensis,and C.reticulata plant essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis,the fumigant and contact toxicity activities of essential oils were tested.The essential oils of 11 kinds of plants were extracted by steam distillation.Filter paper impregnation was used for testing fumigant toxicity,topical application method was employed for contact toxicity studies.The fumigant toxicities of essential oils from E.camaldulensis against S.oryzae were the best,with LC_(50)of 29.42 mg/L,followed by essential oils from E.globulus,with LC_(50)of 39.22 mg/L.The fumigant toxicities of essential oils from E.camaldulensis against O.surinamensis were the best,with LC_(50)of 4.97 mg/L,followed by essential oils from E.globulus,with an LC_(50)of 11.27 mg/L.The essential oils of C.maxima displayed contact toxicity against S.oryzae with LD 50 values of 29.84μg/adult,followed by essential oils from E.camaldulensis,with LD 50 of 61.92μg/adult.The essential oils of E.camaldulensis exhibited contact toxicity against O.surinamensis with LD 50 values of 7.74μg/adult,followed by essential oils from E.triflora,with LD 50 of 16.22μg/adult.The essential oil of E.camaldulensis revealed significant fumigation activity against both S.oryzae and O.surinamensis.Its contact activity against S.oryzae was second only to that of C.maxima,and its contact activity against O.surinamensis was also the best.The main component of the essential oil from E.camaldulensis was(+)-spathulenol(18.48%),while the essential constituent of the essential oil from C.maxima was D-limonene(37.79%).This study revealed that the essential oils of E.camaldulensis,C.maxima had the potential to control S.oryzae and O.surinamensis,and provided a basis for further understanding the interaction between pests and essential oils.

关 键 词：挥发油 米象 锯谷盗 熏蒸活性 触杀活性 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学] S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]