汉语题元层级中工具典型性的早期认知研究  

Early Cognitive Study on Instrumental Typicality in Mandarin Thematic Hierarchy

作　　者：李金妹 方敬文 Li Jinmei;Fang Jingwen(Foreign Language College,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300382)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学外国语学院,天津300382

出　　处：《心理学探新》2024年第4期319-326,共8页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划重点项目“工具因果关系事件的理论模型构建及汉语表征研究”(TJYY22-009)。

摘　　要：目前学界关于事件成分在认知/概念层面的结构性表征的研究主要关注英语母语者,故而缺少事件认知的跨语言相似性的证据。在汉语和英语表层编码主语偏好不同的前提下,基于汉语为母语的3岁和5岁儿童在语言和认知层面提供的实验证据,主要探究致使运动事件中各事件成分的凸显度排序是否表现出和英语相似的题元层级,以及工具的典型性是否会影响工具成分的凸显度。研究发现:(1)在图片描述任务中,作为对照组的成人比儿童提供的信息量更丰富。其次,被试对各语义角色的提及频率排序为:受事>非典型工具>目标>典型工具,儿童对施事的提及频率并不高。此外,成人和儿童都更倾向于提及非典型工具而不是典型工具。(2)在变化盲视任务中,儿童被试能够非常敏锐并准确地感知到施事的变化,典型工具的凸显度低于受事和目标,表现出和英语相似的题元层级,并与语言层面的事件表征相映射。最后,儿童对非典型工具变化的感知准确性显著高于典型工具。Research on the structured representation of event components at the perceptual/conceptual level has primarily focused on English native speakers,lacking cross-linguistic evidence to substantiate similarities in event cognition.Given the diverse language-specific encoding preferences about subjects observed between Mandarin and English,we draw on evidence from Mandarin-speaking 3-year-olds and 5-year-olds to examine whether the salience of each event component conforms to the asymmetry predicted by the Thematic Hierarchy,a ranking formulated based on English,and whether the typicality of Instruments would pose an effect on the salience of Instruments.In a picture description task,adults,a control group,were overall more informative than children.Notably,children did not necessarily mention Agents frequently.The order of frequency in mentioning other semantic roles is Patient>Atypical Instrument>Goal>Typical Instrument.Interestingly,all age groups preferred to mention Atypical Instruments rather than Typical Instruments.In a change blindness task,children detected changes in Agents overall precisely,and perceived the changes to Patients more precisely than Goals and Typical Instruments.This behavior mirrored the pattern observed in the Thematic Hierarchy of English.Besides,the accuracy of detecting changes to Atypical Instruments was markedly higher than that of Typical Instruments.

关 键 词：题元层级 变化盲视 非典型工具 事件认知 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]