我国普职分流制度的问题审视与路径优化  

An Exploration of Issues and Paths toward the Optimization of China’s Academic and Vocational Tracking System

作　　者：潘小芳 PAN Xiaofang(College of Education,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学教育学院,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第5期115-123,共9页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：江汉大学社会科学类一般项目“我国普职分流制度的问题审视与优化路径”(2024SKYB05);湖北省社科基金一般项目(后期资助项目)“多维正义视域下义务教育制度公平的研究”(HBSKJJ20243429)。

摘　　要：普职分流制度是进行人才选拔与管理的技术工具,当前主要分为民主主义模式和精英主义两种模式。基于政治制度与文化传统,我国的普职分流制度呈现筛选式分流的现实样态。普职分流制度在发挥人才选拔重要作用的同时也面临着一些困境:家庭社会经济状况干预教育分流结果,存在公平性困境;“筛选式分流”方式容易引发过度教育竞争,存在合利性困境;“硬分流”方式致使普职之间的分化明显,存在合理性困境。因此,缓解普职分流焦虑,在价值诉求上要实现制度公平与社会效率的深度耦合,实践路径上要在国家意志与个体需求的平衡中建立柔性普职分流制度,通过中考与高考分流制度的协同变革提升分流效率。Academic and vocational streaming system,a technical tool for talent selection and management,presents the democratism model and the elitism model.In China,it is embodied in the realistic patterns of screening stream in accordance with Chinese politics and traditional culture.This paper considered the challenging issues and dilemmas in China's academic and vocational streaming system:a dilemma of justice out of the class difference that interferes with the result of education streaming;a dilemma of profitability from the screening stream that triggers excessive competition in education;and a dilemma of reasonableness in the hard streaming that leads to obvious differentiation between vocational and academic education.To optimize the current academic and vocational streaming system,it further explored the optimal solutions,emphasizing that it is necessary to realize the deep coupling of institutional justice and social efficiency in terms of value aspirations,and to establish a flexible academic and vocational streaming system to balance the national will and individual needs in the sense of practical paths,so as to enhance the efficiency of streaming by the synergistic renovation of the secondary school examination streaming and the college entrance examination streaming.

关 键 词：普职分流制度 筛选式分流 制度公平 制度效率 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]