法律制度与经济:近代早期英国与中国之比较  

Legal Constitutions andthe Economy:A Comparison of Early Modern England and China

作　　者：克雷格·马尔德格鲁 Craig Muldrew

机构地区：[1]英国剑桥大学历史系

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2024年第3期40-51,5,10,共14页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：以往制度经济学家将西方经济增长的原因主要归因于民主制度,然而,从社会史的角度出发,通过比较近代早期英格兰和中国,可以发现法律制度是国家建立权威的重要组成部分,而民众综合利用包括法院在内的一套非诉讼纠纷解决机制来处理债务纠纷。如此,民众会形成一种法律意识,他们会期望法律为其纠纷解决提供制度保障,这可促成在经济层面节约交易成本。到了18世纪,英国信用市场的正式化得到加强,建立了处理债务诉讼的新型公共法院。法律不仅是规则,更是社会关系的组织方式。制度安排不仅关乎经济增长,还影响着不同社会成员参与经济的方式。Previously,institutional economists have attributed Western economic growth primarily to democratic institutions;however,from a social history perspective,a comparison of early modern England and China reveals that the legal system was an important part of the state's establishment of authority,and that the ordinary people made comprehensive use of a suite of dispute resolution mechanisms,including the courts,to deal with debt disputes.In this way the ordinary people would develop a sense of legal awareness,and they would expect the law to provide institutional security for their dispute resolution,which could lead to economic savings in transaction costs.By the 18th century,the formalization of the credit market in England had intensified,and a new type of public court was established to deal with debt litigation.Laws are not just rules,they are the way in which social relations are organized.Institutional arrangements are not only about economic growth,but also about how different members of society participate in the economy.

关 键 词：非诉讼纠纷解决机制 交易成本 信用市场 债务纠纷 法律意识 近代早期 制度经济学家 纠纷解决 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]