从普世国家到无政府社会——永久和平设想的法律构建  

From Universal State to Anarchic Society:The Legal Construction of a Permanent Peace Vision

作　　者：任鑫 Ren Xin

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2024年第3期170-191,8,14,共24页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：随着观念变迁与人们对均势的反思,永久和平设想应运而生,并衍生出普世国家和无政府社会两种范式。圣皮埃尔神甫作为此设想的开创者,计划建立联邦制的普世/欧洲共和国,且在条件允许时改变成员的内部体制。但现实主义的考量使后继者转向无政府社会范式。边沁尝试将传统的万国法替换为以普世效用为旨归的国际法,认为统治者垄断对外政治是国际和平的障碍,主张借助共和化宪制改革予以铲除。而康德则在边沁双重法权变革的基础上,将共和制、国际联盟和自由造访作为设想的三要素,认为唯有落实源于实践理性先天立法的三重公共法权才能带来永久和平。康德的方案完成了永久和平设想的法律构建,为其后来的落实创造了前提。With change of the concepts and the rethinking of balance of power,the legal construction of perpetual peace emerges and gives rise to two paradigms:universal state and anarchic society.Abbéde Saint-Pierre,who pioneered the construction,pursued to establish a federal universal/European republic and to change the polity of its members when conditions permit.But realist considerations led Saint-Pierre's successors to turn to the other paradigm.Bentham attempted to replace the traditional law of nations with international law aiming at universal utility,and disregarded the monopoly of rulers over foreign politics as an obstacle to international peace,which he advocated eradicating through republican reforms.Kant,on the basis of Bentham's double right changes,argues only the triple public rights from the innate legislation of practical reason and their implementation,can generate perpetual peace,taking republic,international confederation and free visitation as the three elements of the construction.Kant's program accomplished the paradigm shift in the legal construction of perpetual peace and created the prerequisites for its subsequent implementation.

关 键 词：内部体制 观念变迁 法律构建 边沁 联邦制 国际联盟 无政府社会 社会范式 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]