多孔碳微球的可控构筑及其在钠离子电池中的应用  

Controllable Construction of Porous Carbon Microspheres for Sodium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：韩照徽 孟良 秦晨 曹海亮 侯莹[1] HAN Zhao-Hui;MENG Liang;QIN Chen;CAO Hai-Liang;HOU Ying(Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials,Ministry of Education,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室,太原030024

出　　处：《应用化学》2024年第9期1333-1341,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U21A20174);山西省科技创新人才团队项目(No.202304051001010);山西省基础研究计划面上项目(No.202203021221049)资助。

摘　　要：硬碳材料具有结构稳定、比容量高和安全性好等特性,是理想的钠离子电池负极材料。生物质及其衍生物由于储量丰富、价格低廉可作为制备硬碳的绿色低成本碳源。然而,采用传统的直接碳化策略难以精确调控硬碳材料的微观结构,不利于提升材料的比容量和倍率性能。本文利用喷雾冷冻干燥和低温热解技术成功制备了多孔碳微球(PCGS)。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征手段并结合电化学性能测试,对材料的形貌结构与电化学性能间的构效关系进行了系统研究。结果表明,PCGS的的直径在10~60μm,其储钠性能明显优于采用直接碳化法制得的硬碳材料。在0.1 C电流密度下,PCGS的可逆比容量高达280 mA·h/g,在0.2 C电流密度下循环100圈后比容量仍然保持在230 mA·h/g,容量保持率为92%。此外,还采用原位拉曼技术研究了多孔碳微球的储钠机理。本文的研究结果为高性能硬碳材料的结构调控及性能优化提供实验参考和指导。Hard carbon material is an ideal anode for sodium-ion batteries due to its stable structure,high specific capacity,and good safety.Biomass and its derivatives can be used as a green and cost-effective carbon source for the production of hard carbon due to their abundant reserves and low prices.However,it is difficult to precisely control the microstructure of hard carbon materials using the traditional direct carbonization strategy,which is not conducive to improve the specific capacity and rate performanceof the materials.In this paper,porous carbon microspheres(PCGS)have been successfully prepared by spray freeze drying and low-temperature pyrolysis technique.The relationship between the structure and the electrochemical properties of the materials has been systematically investigated using characterization methods,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Raman spectroscopy,combined with electrochemical tests.The results show that the sodium storage property of PCGS with average diameter of 10~60μm is much better than that of the hard carbon materials obtained by direct carbonization method.The reversible specific capacity of PCGS was as high as 280 mA·h/g at 0.1 C,and the specific capacity remained at 230 mA·h/g at 0.2 C even after 100 cycles,with a capacity retention of 92%.In addition,the sodium storage mechanism of porous carbon microspheres has been investigated in this work using the in-situ Raman technique.The results of this work provide experimental references and guidance for structure modulation and performance optimization of high-performance hard carbon materials.

关 键 词：钠离子电池 负极 多孔碳微球 淀粉 石墨烯 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]