由“永历入缅”叙事文本演变看边疆地区的王朝认同与国家认同  

The Dynastic and the National Identity from the Evolution of the Narrative of“Yongli’s Exiling into Myanmar”

作　　者：姚胜[1] Yao Sheng

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国史研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第10期122-132,共11页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代民族志文献整理与研究”(12&ZD136);中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助(2020M683385)。

摘　　要：顺治十五年年底至次年年初,在清军的进逼之下,南明永历帝朱由榔由云南逃入缅甸,四年后被清军押回昆明处死。此后,永历帝陪臣率先建构“狩缅”叙事,通过刻画朱由榔的仁君形象,以突出前明遗民对明朝的认同。清朝官方并不承认朱由榔的皇帝身份,而只将其视为明末一普通藩王。由此,该叙事由前明遗民的“狩缅”转变为清朝的“走缅”。随着统治逐渐稳固,清廷放松了管控,仍以“狩缅”为主题但淡化了明、清王朝书写的“永历叙事”在云南再度发展。清末革命兴起,在云南革命党人的重构之下,“狩缅”叙事进而成为民主革命动员与国家认同宣示的工具。清初至民初,从“狩缅”到“走缅”再到“狩缅”的叙事演变,反映了不同立场的对立、不同群体的诉求及不同时代的主题。From the end of the 15th year of Shunzhi or the 12th year of Yongli to the beginning of the next year,under the pressure of the Qing army,Zhu Youlang,Emperor Yongli of the Southern Ming Dynasty,fled from Yunnan to Myanmar.Four years later,Zhu Youlang was captured in Myanmar and executed in Kunming by the Qing Dynasty.After that,the loyalists of the former Ming Dynasty,especially the Emperor Yongli’s attendants,started the construction of the narrative of Yongli’s Hunting in Myanmar.Through the por⁃trayal of the emperor’s goodness,the loyalists highlighted Zhu Youlang’s orthodoxy.The Qing Dynasty,however,refused his ortho⁃doxy officially,and regarded him as an ordinary vassal of the former Ming Dynasty.Thereafter,this narrative changed from the former Ming’s loyalists“Hunting in Myanmar”to the Qing Dynasty’s“Exiling into Myanmar”.With the stabilization of the Qing Dynasty,the Dynastic Writing in the narrative of Yongli’s Exiling into Myanmar fell out of the spotlight,meanwhile the people of Yunnan clearly expressed its Chinese national identity by participating in the exiling narrative.With the rise of the revolutionary movement in the late Qing Dynasty,this narrative received the attention and reconstruction by the Yunnan revolutionary party,and then became a tool for the political mobilization of revolutionary and the declaration of national identity.In a word,the narrative evolution from“Hunting in Myan⁃mar”to“Exiling into Myanmar”then to“Hunting in Myanmar”from the early Qing Dynasty to the early Republican era,reflected the opposition of different standpoints,the aspirations and demands of different forces and groups,and the themes of different times.

关 键 词：永历 朱由榔 缅甸 国家认同 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]