元明之际“夷夏”关系再探讨  

Inclusive or Exclusive:A Re-consideration of the Ethnic Relationship Between Huaxia and Yidi in Yuan-Ming Transition

作　　者：郑德长 Zheng Dechang(National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文史研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期14-22,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：复旦大学人文社科先导计划个人项目(项目批准号:XM04241847)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元明易代的“夷夏革命”色彩,是把握中国近世历史转向的关键。元明之际的“夷夏”关系呈现出一种张力。即一面是“胡越一家”族群杂糅的景象,于是以推翻元朝为目标,以夷夏大防为号召,并且主要由汉族组成的红巾军,同样吸收了不少蒙古、色目人。但另一面,却是“肝胆楚越”华夷有别观念的复苏。当明初的官私史书,还有儒士的议论,普遍把元朝覆灭归咎于夷夏关系失衡时,元明鼎革也就被赋予了“夷夏革命”的意义。由此,华夷二分的思维框架,主导了有关元末族群关系的认识。The tension presented by the civilized people Huaxia and its counterpart barbarian Yidi was the core of understanding the history of the Yuan-Ming transition.At one pole,inclusive ethnic strategies were so omnipresent that even radical anti-Mongol rebels had recruited some Mongol and Semu“alien”soldiers and officers.At the opposite pole,however,the idea of delineating“the civilized”and“barbarian”was exclusive.The revived idea had redefined the relationship between the Han Chinese and other ethnic groups in China,and made people believe that the fall of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was due to the ethnic conflicts.Just as some official or private chronicles compiled in early Ming Dynasty had showed,as well as what some Confucian contemporaries had commented on their time,it revealed that the binary framework of Huaxia-Yidi was re-shaping peoples'thinking of the multi-ethnicity of that time.

关 键 词：元明易代 红巾军 华夷之辨 《元史》修纂 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学] K248[历史地理—中国史]