近现代西方主体哲学的三重“摆渡”——兼论利科《作为他者的自身》“序言”的英译问题  

The Triple“Ferry”in Modern Western Philosophy of Subject—On the Problems of English Translation in the“Introduction”to Oneself as Another

作　　者：莫伟民[1] 胡可欣 Mo Weimin;Hu Kexin(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期134-143,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：利科在《作为他者的自身》中阐发了一种新主体理论,为的是摆脱西方传统主体哲学的困境。本文试图重构和审视近代西方主体哲学的三重摆渡,指出笛卡尔的我思哲学、尼采的反我思哲学、利科的自身解释学作为近现代西方主体哲学的三种主要形式,分别展示了主体的三重摆渡,即从“我思”到“我在”、从“我说”到“我不在”、从“我能”到“我在”(亦即从“自身”到“他者”)。在此视角下,本文进一步分析了作为第三重摆渡的利科自身解释学的得失。利科将主体从我能、谁能摆渡到了全人称的自身能——自身能说话、能行动、能叙述、能对自己的行为负有伦理和道德责任,这种自身哲学既不同于笛卡尔、黑格尔和胡塞尔等人的我思哲学,也有别于尼采、海德格尔、梅洛-庞蒂和列维纳斯等人的反我思哲学。相比于马克思,利科新主体哲学的“行动”概念尚有待进一步拓展;相比于福柯,利科新主体的生机维度也付之阙如。同时,本文尝试依据利科的翻译理论来探讨其著作《作为他者的自身》英译本序言中的四处英译问题,践行从“不可译”到“可译”的另一类“摆渡”事业,以进一步深化利科新主体哲学的理论意蕴。In Oneself as Another,Ricœur elaborates a new theory of the subject,in order to break away from the dilemmas of the traditional Western philosophy of the subject.Descartes'philosophy of Cogito,Nietzsche's philosophy of anti-Cogito,and Ricœur's hermeneutics of the self,each of these three main forms of modern Western philosophy of the subject demonstrates the triple“ferry”of the subject:from“I think”to“I am,”“I speak”to“I am not,”and“I can”to“I am”(i.e.,from“self”to“other”).From I can,who can,to the all-personal self can:who can speak,act,narrate,and be ethically and morally responsible for its own behavior,Ricœur's philosophy of self is distinct from both the philosophy of cogito in Descartes,Hegel,and Husserl,and that of anti-cogito in Nietzsche,Heidegger,Merleau-Ponty,and Levinas.This paper seeks to reconstruct and interrogate the triple“ferry”of the subject from a fourth-party perspective,in particular to analyze the theoretical gains and losses of Ricœur's hermeneutics of the self,emphasizing that the notion of“action”in Ricœur's philosophy of the new subject has yet to be further developed(cf.Marx),and the vital dimension of the new subject is also missing(cf.Foucault).At the same time,this paper tries to explore the four English translation problems in the preface of the English translation of his work Oneself as Another based on his translation theory,and practice another kind of“ferrying”from“untranslatable”to“translatable”in order to further deepen the theoretical implication of Ricœur's new subjective philosophy.

关 键 词：利科 主体 自身 他者 翻译 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语] B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]