生态社会主义的理论构建与反思  

Theoretical Construction and Reflection of Eco-Socialism

作　　者：贾可卿[1] Jia Keqing(Marxist Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院,北京100732

出　　处：《宁夏党校学报》2024年第5期32-40,共9页Journal of the Party School of the CPC Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Committee

基　　金：中国社会科学院基础研究学者资助项目“马克思主义视阈中的全球正义”(XJ2020013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生态社会主义者吸收马克思主义的生态理论资源,从控制自然、经济理性、异化消费、新陈代谢断裂以及生态帝国主义等维度,批判了资本主义条件下的生态危机。传统社会主义国家的生态问题则被归因于经济理性导向、民主化程度较低、市场竞争机制缺乏等。在此基础上,生态社会主义者提出了构建生态社会主义的方案:以生态社会革命取代生态工业革命;以生态理性取代经济理性;由社会正义推进生态正义;实行生产的社会化与计划化;实行社会管理的民主化;发展绿色科学技术;推动劳工运动和新社会运动的联合。生态社会主义对于全球生态运动起着重大推动作用。同时,也应对其存在的问题和作用边界进行反思,比如经济理性和异化消费批判的限度、“弱”人类中心主义的有限合理性、生态危机的双重根源等。Eco-socialists draw upon Marxist ecological theory to critique the ecological crisis under capitalism from various dimensions,including the control of nature,economic rationality,alienated consumption,metabolic rift,and ecological imperialism.The ecological issues in traditional socialist countries are attributed to factors such as an emphasis on economic rationality,low levels of democratization,and the lack of market competition mechanisms.Based on these critiques,eco-socialists propose the construction of an eco-socialist framework:replacing the ecological industrial revolution with an ecological social revolution;substituting ecological rationality for economic rationality;advancing ecological justice through social justice;promoting the socialization and planning of production;democratizing social management;developing green science and technology;and fostering the union of labor movements and new social movements.Eco-socialism plays a significant role in advancing the global ecological movement.However,it is also essential to reflect on its limitations and boundaries,such as the constraints in critiquing economic rationality and alienated consumption,the limited rationality of“weak”anthropocentrism,and the dual roots of the ecological crisis.

关 键 词：生态社会主义 经济理性 异化消费 生态危机 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]