仲裁裁决执行力取得与消灭制度的理论反思与重构  

Theoretical Reflection and Reconstruction of the System of Obtaining and Eliminating the Enforceabilty of Arbitral Awards

作　　者：崔世宇 张润 Cui Shiyu;Zhang Run(School of Law,People's Public Security University of China,Beijing,100038)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第2期33-42,共10页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助“诚信仲裁机制的体系化构建研究”(项目编号2023M743910)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：执行力是终局裁判的自然属性,但不是民间文书的自然属性。在法理上需要探究的是仲裁裁决执行力取得与消灭的缘由及正当性。仲裁裁决作为我国法律体系下的执行依据,由法律赋予其强制执行力。但仲裁的契约性与民间性决定了仲裁裁决天然具有执行力这种说法是违背法理的。同时,仲裁裁决不予执行制度作为仲裁裁决执行力消灭的方式之一,强烈冲击了审执分离原则以及强制执行形式化原则,应予以废除。应采用司法前置审查的方式决定是否赋予仲裁裁决执行力,而非现行司法后置监督。在此基础上,可赋予当事人异议救济权以消灭仲裁裁决执行力,其本质是对仲裁裁决的实质性二次审查,在程序上可给予当事人足够的保障。Executive power is the natural atribute of the final judgment,but it is not the natural attribute of the folk document.In jurisprudence,it is necessary to explore the reason and legitimacy of obtaining and eliminating the enforcement power of arbitral awards.As the basis of execution under our legal system,the arbitral awards are endowed with the force of enforcement by law.However,the contractual and civil nature of arbitration determines that the arbitral awards are naturally enforceable,which goes against legal principles.At the same time,the system of non-enforcement of arbitral awards,as one of the ways to eliminate the enforcement of arbitral awards,strongly impacts the principle of separation of trial and execution and the formal principle of enforcement,which should be abolished.Judicial pre-review should be adopted to decide whether to give enforcement to arbitral awards,rather than the existing judicial post-supervision.On this basis,the parties can be granted the right of objection relief to eliminate the enforcement of the arbitral awards,which is essentially a substantive secondary review of the arbitral awards,and can give sufficient protection to the parties in the procedure.

关 键 词：仲裁裁决 执行力 司法审查 审判权 执行权 

分 类 号：D925.7[政治法律—诉讼法学]