马克思自由劳动的双重意蕴与劳动幸福的实现  

The Double Implications of Marx s Free Labor and the Realization of Labor Happiness

作　　者：魏艳平 WEI Yanping(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学马克思主义学院,上海200444

出　　处：《南华大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期21-28,共8页Journal of University of South China(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目(高校辅导员研究)“数字时代大学生劳动教育研究”资助(编号:22JDSZ3004);浙江省社会科学规划“高校思想政治工作”专项课题“数字时代大学生劳动教育的理念、方法、路径研究”资助(编号:22GXSZ019YB)。

摘　　要：马克思语境中的自由劳动概念兼具虚假和真实双重意蕴,虚假的自由劳动即雇佣劳动,真正的自由劳动即能够确证人本质的劳动。马克思基于社会形态对人与劳动关系的分析指明了自由劳动的发展进程,从对前资本主义社会非自由劳动的揭露到对资本主义社会虚假自由劳动的批判,最终设想在以劳动作为现实人的第一需要的基础上消除必要劳动与剩余劳动的对抗性矛盾、扬弃自由时间与劳动时间的对立,使“需要”成为共产主义分配的尺度,在共产主义社会建构起真正的自由劳动。当下,我们要在正视消费至上等异化现象的同时,坚持通过社会和个人共同努力,逐步实现从虚假自由劳动向真正的自由劳动、从低层次的自由劳动向高层次自由劳动转变,最大限度实现劳动幸福。The concept of free labor in Marx s context has both false and true connotations,with false free labor being wage labor and true free labor being labor that confirms the nature of man.Marx s analysis of the relationship between human beings and labor on the basis of social formation indicates the development process of free labor,from the exposure of non-free labor in pre-capitalist society to the critique of false free labor in capitalist society,and ultimately envisages the elimination of the antagonistic contradiction between necessary and surplus labor,the abandonment of the antagonism between free time and labor time on the basis of labor as the first necessity of the real human being,so that“need”can become the basis of communism and“need”can become the basis of human life.“Need”becomes the measure of communist distribution,and true free labor is constructed in a communist society.At the present time,while facing up to the phenomenon of alienation,such as the supremacy of consumption,we insist that through the joint efforts of society and the individual,we will gradually achieve the transformation from false free labor to genuine free labor,and from low-level free labor to high-level free labor,so as to maximize the happiness of labor.

关 键 词：自由劳动 雇佣劳动 异化劳动 劳动幸福 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]