系统优化生物多样性就地保护格局  

Systematic Optimization of In-situ Biodiversity Conservation Patterns

作　　者：唐小平 田禾 蒋亚芳 张博琳 TANG Xiaoping;TIAN He;JIANG Yafang;ZHANG Bolin(Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京100714

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2093-2099,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.72241411)。

摘　　要：建立自然保护地是国际公认的就地保护生物多样性最有效的手段。中国从1956年建立广东鼎湖山自然保护区以来,到目前已建立国家公园、自然保护区和各类自然公园等自然保护地近万处,总面积超过1.85×10^(6) km^(2),还启动了天然林保护、湿地保护等重大生态工程,实施了公益林补偿、草原保护奖补等政策措施,对中国乃至全球生物多样性保护起到了积极作用。但就地保护也面临自然保护地缺少系统布局,众多自然保护地未形成有机协同的保护体系,以及保护与发展矛盾尖锐等问题。为实现《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》确定的至少30%×30%重要区域得到有效保护目标,按照全球及国家生物多样性保护战略要求,系统优化生物多样性保护空间格局,国家公园约覆盖陆域的10%左右,其余自然保护地覆盖陆域的10%左右,除自然保护地外的生态保护红线再覆盖陆域的10%左右,其他有效的区域保护措施可以将就地保护区域再扩展10%~20%。我国将形成以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系为核心、其他有效的区域保护措施为补充、生态保护红线为基础,以及重要的森林、草原、湿地、荒漠、海洋等自然生态保护修复区域为支撑的生物多样性就地保护空间格局,确保重要自然生态系统、生物多样性保护关键区得到就地保护。Establishing protected areas(PAs)is internationally recognized as the most effective means of in-situ biodiversity conservation.Since the first nature reserve,Dinghu Mountain in Guangdong,was set up in 1956,China has established nearly 10,000 PAs of various types and levels,with a total area of over 1.85 million km2,accounting for about 18.3%of its total land area.It has built a PA system with national parks as the mainstay,supported by nature reserves and supplemented by nature parks(including forest parks,geoparks,marine parks,wetland parks,etc.).After the establishment of the first nature reserve,China set up its first forest park in Zhangjiajie,Hunan Province,and a batch of national scenic areas,including Huangshan Mount in Anhui Province in 1982.In 1996,two national marine special reserves were established in the Miao Archipelago and Qinzhou Bay.The first batch of national geoparks,including the Stone Forest in Yunnan,were established in 2000.In 2005,the first national wetland park pilot was launched in Xixi,Zhejiang Province,and the first national marine park pilot projects were initiated in places like Hailuogang Island,Guangdong Province,in 2011.The first national desert park was established in Shapotou,Ningxia,in 2013,and the first batch of national grassland parks,including Eilechuan in Inner Mongolia,were initiated in 2020.National parks on a trial basis were launched in 2014,and in 2021,China officially designated its first group of national parks,including Three-River-Source National Park,Giant Panda National Park,Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park,Hainan Tropical Forests National Park,and Wuyishan National Park.Efforts have continued on key projects,such as the protection of natural forests and protection and restoration of wetlands.Various policies and measures to compensate for ecological conservation,such as compensation for public welfare forests and incentives and subsidies for grassland protection were introduced.These efforts have played a decisive role in biodiversity conservati

关 键 词：生物多样性 就地保护 自然保护地 国家公园 生态保护红线 其他有效的区域保护措施 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》 

分 类 号：X1763[环境科学与工程—环境科学]