基于不同生境的北京城市公园绿地自生植物分布特征研究  

Study on Distribution Characteristics of Spontaneous Plants in Urban Park Green Spaces in Different Habitats in Beijing

作　　者：李晓璐 张梦园 范舒欣 骆沁宇 李一彤 董丽[1] LI Xiaolu;ZHANG Mengyuan;FAN Shuxin;LUO Qinyu;LI Yitong;DONG Li(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2118-2125,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32171860)。

摘　　要：长期以来城市绿地大量应用数量有限的以观赏效果为主要目标的栽培植物品种并进行高精度的养护管理,不仅造成了景观同质化问题,更是削弱了城市绿地的生物多样性支持功能。自生植物生命力顽强且具有独特的环境适应性和敏感性,可对环境变化作出迅速反应而自然更新,在低维护景观营建中起到关键作用。为了探究在公园环境中不同生境下自生植物物种组成和分布特征,该研究以北京市9个城市公园绿地为研究样地,将其生境分为人工草坪、栽培乔木群落、滨水栽培群落、未种植地等11种类型,调查和分析了这些生境下自生植物的物种组成和多样性特征。结果表明:①自生植物共记录到247种,隶属于67科179属,以乡土植物为主(70.45%);包含生活型6类,其中一二年生草本植物最为丰富,共计99种,占物种数的40.08%。②不同频度类型中,在春季、夏季和秋季中低频种物种数量均最多,分别占该季物种总数的66.88%、70.97%和73.91%。③在11类生境中,栽培乔草群落和滨水栽培群落支撑了最多的自生植物,分别为163和134种;与其他生境相比,假山叠石和未种植地生境自生植物的多样性更高。研究显示,在公园中加强对自生植物多样栖息地的营建,才能更好地保护城市的植物多样性。For a long time,urban green spaces have been managed with a limited number of cultivated plant species mainly for ornamental purposes and with high-precision maintenance and management.This not only creates a problem of landscape homogeneity,but also weakens the function of urban green spaces in supporting biodiversity.Spontaneous plants exist widely due to their strong vitality,environmental adaptability and sensitivity.They regenerate naturally in response to rapid environmental changes and play an important role in low-maintenance landscaping.In order to explore the species composition and distribution characteristics of spontaneous plants in different habitats in park environment,this study took nine urban park green spaces in Beijing as research samples.The habitats were divided into 11 categories,including artificial grassland,cultivated arbor community,waterfront cultivation community and unplanted land,etc.This study investigated and analyzed the species composition and diversity characteristics of spontaneous plants in these habitats.The results show that:(1)A total of 247 autochthonous plant species were investigated,belonging to 67 families and 179 genera,with native plants being the main species(70.45%);there were six life types,of which annual herbs or biennial herbs were the most abundant,with a total of 99 species,accounting for 40.08% of the species.(2)Among different frequency types,low frequency species appeared most frequently in spring,summer and autumn,accounting for 66.88%,70.97% and 73.91% of the total species in that season,respectively.(3)Among the 11 habitat categories,cultivated arbor communities and waterfront cultivated communities supported the largest number of spontaneous plants,with 163 and 134 species,respectively;compared to other habitats,the diversity of spontaneous plants was higher in the rockery and unplanted ground habitats.The research results show that strengthening the construction of diverse habitats for spontaneous plants in parks can better protect urban plant divers

关 键 词：公园绿地 生境 自生植物 城市生物多样性 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948[生物学—植物学]